ASTM D4215-2007(2013) Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures《冷搅拌冷铺沥青铺面混合料的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: D4215 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forCold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers cold-mixed, cold-laid andrecycled cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures forbase

3、, binder, leveling, and surface courses.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC136 Test Method fo

4、r Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD242 Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Pav-ing MixturesD448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate

5、 for Road andBridge ConstructionD546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler forBituminous Paving MixturesD692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for BituminousPaving MixturesD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD1073 Specification fo

6、r Fine Aggregate for BituminousPaving MixturesD2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-CuringType)D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-CuringType)D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-CuringType)D2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of BitumenFrom Bituminous Paving

7、MixturesD2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD2399 Practice for Selection of Cutback AsphaltsD2489 Practice for Estimating Degree of Particle Coating ofBituminous-Aggregate MixturesD3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid BituminousPaving Mixtures (Withdrawn 2009)3D3628 Practice for

8、 Selection and Use of EmulsifiedAsphaltsD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index of SoilsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D8.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This

9、Standard:3.2.1 cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixturesmixtures of coarse and fine aggregates, or coarse or fineaggregate alone, with or without mineral filler, uniformlymixed and laid at or near ambient temperature.3.2.2 cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled bituminous pavingmixturesmixtures of bi

10、tumen aggregate for recycling withadditional mineral aggregate as necessary, with or withoutmineral filler, mixed at or near ambient temperatures withadditional bitumen.3.2.3 bitumen-aggregate for recyclingbituminous pave-ment or paving mixture removed from its original location andreduced by suitab

11、le means, after removal or in place, to suchparticle size as may be required for use in cold-mixed,cold-laid recycled bituminous paving mixtures.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cold bituminous paving mixtures under thisspecification shall include the following information:4.1.1 Type of bitumen

12、 (emulsified asphalt, cutback asphalt),4.1.2 Grade of bitumen,4.1.3 The composition of the bituminous paving mixture(dense mixture and mix designation; open mixture and mixdesignation; open graded friction course mixture and mixdesignation),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi

13、ttee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 onCold Mix Asphalts.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4215 07. DOI:10.1520/D4215-07R13.2For referenced AS

14、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm

15、.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.4 The maximum percentage of bitumen aggregate forrecycling permitted in the mixture, and4.1.5 The percentage of crushed particles required in theaggregate if different from that

16、 specified in 5.2.5. Aggregates5.1 The aggregates shall be crushed stone, crushed slag,crushed gravel, or sand conforming to the quality requirementof the appropriate ASTM specifications as follows:5.1.1 Coarse AggregateSpecification D692.5.1.2 Fine AggregateSpecification D1073.NOTE 1Other mineral a

17、ggregates, such as uncrushed gravel andcrushed shell, may be specified, provided that local experience or testshave demonstrated their ability to produce satisfactory bituminous pavingmixtures.5.2 The aggregates for open-graded friction course mixturedescribed in Table number 2 of Specification D351

18、5 shall meetall the requirements of 5.1 with the added requirement that (1)the coarse particles, retained on the No. 4 sieve, be crushed sothat at least 90 weight percent have one or more fractured facesand 75 weight percent have two or more fractured faces, and(2) the coarse aggregate, or if a blen

19、d is used, the coarsestfraction be of a type known to possess adequate resistance tothe polishing action of the anticipated traffic.5.3 Recommended grading requirements for coarse and fineaggregate may be selected from Classification D448 andSpecification D1073, respectively. Other aggregate gradati

20、onsmay be used, provided that the combined coarse and fineaggregates, and filler, when used, produce a mixture thatconforms to the requirements for grading of total aggregate asdescribed in Table number 1 of Specification D3515.5.4 When cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled mixtures areproduced, aggregates

21、 conforming to 5.1 may be blended withthe bitumen aggregate for recycling as necessary to produce theresults required by 5.3.6. Mineral Filler6.1 The mineral filler shall conform to Specification D242.7. BitumenNOTE 2Practices D2399 and D3628 provide guidance in selectingtypes and grades of bitumen.

22、7.1 When cutback asphalt is used it shall conform toSpecifications D2026, D2027,orD2028.7.2 When emulsified asphalt is used it shall conform toSpecifications D977 or D2397.7.3 When cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled mixtures areproduced, bitumen conforming to 7.1 or 7.2 shall be added tothe bitumen aggr

23、egate for recycling as necessary.NOTE 3Various bituminous modifiers or recycling agents have beenused on a number of cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled bituminous pavingprojects. Specifications for these materials are being developed.8. Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures8.1 The mixture shall conf

24、orm to one of the compositionsby weight given in Table number 1 of Specification D3515.NOTE 4The mix designation selected should be determined by theintended use, thickness of paving courses, and desired texture. Therequired mix sbould be specified.8.1.1 Compositions shown in Table number 1 of Speci

25、fica-tion D3515 are based on the use of fine and coarse aggregateshaving approximately the same bulk specific gravities; gradingof the total aggregate, therefore, would be the same on either aweight or bulk volume basis. If the bulk specific gravities ofcoarse and fine aggregates differ greatly, it

26、may be desirable tochange the grading limitations to compensate for these differ-ences.8.2 A job mix formula shall be selected that comes withinthe specification limits and that is suitable for the traffic,climatic conditions, and specific gravities of the aggregatesused. Below the No. 8 (2.36-mm) s

27、ieve size, the job-mixformula grading curve shall be reasonably parallel to the curvesof the grading limits as selected from Table number 1 ofSpecification D3515.8.3 Any variation from the job-mix formula in the gradingof the aggregate, as shown by the sieve analyses of materials(Note 5) or, any var

28、iation from the job-mix formula in thebitumen content, as indicated by extraction tests of the finishedmixture (Note 6) greater than the tolerances shown in Tablenumber 3 of Specification D3515, shall be investigated, and theconditions causing such variation shall be corrected (Note 7).NOTE 5It is r

29、ecognized that the extraction test is a generally acceptedand approved method for determining the composition of a bituminousmixture. However, due to the relatively wide difference in the bitumencontent and aggregate gradation sometimes found in individual samples ofmixture taken from the same lot,

30、as shown by extraction tests, it isrecommended that the extraction test results on individual small samplesbe used as an indication of the mix composition, and not as the sole basisfor acceptance or rejection of the product. It may be necessary todetermine both aggregate gradation and bitumen conten

31、t from extractiontests samples.NOTE 6Cold mixtures require special preparation in the form ofcuring prior to performing the extraction test. One recommended curingprocedure is to place the mixture to be extracted into a suitably large metalpan with a large spoon such that the mixture, in a loose sta

32、te, is from 1 to112 in. (25 to 38 mm) in depth. Place the mixture, pan, and spoon in anoven, conforming to Specification E145, Type 1B, the temperature ofwhich has been adjusted to 250 + 5F (121 + 3C), for 3 h. At the end ofeach hour remove the pan and stir the mixture thoroughly for 1 min.Replace i

33、n the oven, except after the third hourly stirring, allow to cool toroom temperature. The extraction test is then performed on this curedmixture. (Other curing procedures may be used provided local experiencedemonstrates their ability to prepare mixtures properly for the extractiontest.)NOTE 7Applic

34、ation of tolerances may result in a gradation outside thecomposition limits in Table number 1 of Specification D3515. This willnot be cause for investigation.9. Mixing Equipment9.1 The equipment for mixing shall be one of the following:9.1.1 Central PlantBatch, continuous, or drum mixer.9.1.2 Travel

35、 Plant, with own bituminous spray system orwith separate distributor.9.1.3 Grader or Drag, with separate distributor.10. Mixing Operation10.1 Aggregate StorageAggregates furnished in differentsizes or from different sources shall be kept separate, andD4215 07 (2013)2adequate provisions shall be made

36、 to keep them from becom-ing mixed or otherwise contaminated. Preblending of aggre-gates for travel plants and road mixing is permissible so longas grading requirements are maintained. Stockpiles shall bebuilt and the materials removed therefrom in such a manner asto minimize size segregation.10.2 O

37、ld Bituminous PavementBitumen aggregate forrecycling shall be reduced in size as may be required.Adequateprovisions shall be made to keep bitumen aggregate forrecycling from being mixed with aggregates or otherwisecontaminated.10.3 Preparation of BitumenThe bitumen shall be main-tained at a temperat

38、ure at which it can be properly handledthrough the pumping system and uniformly distributedthroughout the mixture. At no time will the temperature of thebitumen be allowed to exceed the following:TemperatureBitumen F CCutback asphalt 250 121Emulsified asphalt 180 82NOTE 8The flash point of some grad

39、es of cutback asphalt is below250F; therefore, caution must be used when applying heat to cutbacks.10.4 Preparation and Handling of Mineral AggregatesEach aggregate shall be separately fed by feeders, except in thecase of preblended aggregates where only one feeder isrequired, in proper uniform prop

40、ortion to produce a satisfac-tory mixture within the limits specified. In the case of roadmixing a known uniform volume or weight of a singleaggregate, several aggregates, or preblended aggregate shall bewindrowed or otherwise placed on the road or mixing area.10.5 Preparation and Handling of Bitume

41、n Aggregate forRecyclingBitumen aggregate for recycling shall be sepa-rately fed by a feeder, except in the case of preblendedaggregates where only one feeder is required, in properuniform proportions to produce a satisfactory mixture withinthe limits specified. In the case of road mixing, a knownvo

42、lume or weight shall be windrowed or otherwise placed onthe road or mixing area.10.6 Preparation of MixtureThe proportions of the com-ponents of the mixture, within the limits specified, shall beregulated so as to produce a satisfactory mixture. The sequencein which the bituminous material is propor

43、tioned with theaggregate, aggregate and bitumen aggregate for recycling, orbitumen aggregate for recycling may vary under differentmixing procedures.10.6.1 The mixing shall be accomplished in the shortesttime that will produce a satisfactory mixture.10.6.2 Minimum mixing time may be established on t

44、hebest coating obtainable or percentage of coated particles asdetermined by Test Method D2489. These values will varywith aggregate gradation, particle shape, and surface texture,and with the type of bitumen, bitumen content, and use forwhich the mix is intended.NOTE 9All the coarse particles may no

45、t be coated, particularly indense graded mixtures.10.7 Mixing Plant InspectionThe engineer or his autho-rized representatives shall have access at any time to all partsof the mixing plant in order to ensure the manufacture of themixture in strict accordance with this specification.11. Methods of Sam

46、pling and Testing11.1 Sample all material and determine the properties enu-merated in this specification in accordance with the followingASTM standards:11.1.1 Sampling Mineral AggregatesPractice D75.11.1.2 Sampling Bituminous MixturesPractice D979.11.1.3 Sieve Analysis of AggregatesTest Method C136.

47、11.1.4 Sieve Analysis of Mineral FillerTest Method D546.11.1.5 Determination of Bitumen ContentTest MethodsD2172.11.1.6 Sampling Bituminous MaterialsPractice D140.11.1.7 Specific Gravity of Coarse AggregateTest MethodC127.11.1.8 Specific Gravity of Fine AggregateTest MethodC128.11.1.9 Plasticity Ind

48、exTest Method D4318.11.1.10 Percentage of Coated ParticlesTest MethodD2489.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity

49、 of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may