ASTM D4057-2006 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《石油和石油产品的手工取样用标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 4057 06Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1An American National StandardStandard Practice forManual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4057; the number immediately following the desig

2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by

3、 agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for manually obtainingrepresentative samples of petroleum products of a liquid,semi-liquid, or solid state whose vapor pressure at ambientconditions is below 101 kPa (14.7 psia). If sampling is for theprecise determin

4、ation of volatility, use Practice D 5842 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. Forsample mixing and handling of samples, refer to PracticeD 5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). The practice does not coversampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. Asummary of the manual s

5、ampling procedures and their appli-cations is presented in Table 1.NOTE 1The procedures described in this practice may also beapplicable in sampling most noncorrosive liquid industrial chemicals,provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are strictlyfollowed.NOTE 2The procedure

6、 for sampling liquefied petroleum gases isdescribed in Practice D 1265; the procedure for sampling fluid powerhydraulic fluids is covered in ANSI B93.19 and B93.44; the procedure forsampling insulating oils is described in Practice D 923; and the procedurefor sampling natural gas is described in Tes

7、t Method D 1145.NOTE 3The procedure for special fuel samples for trace metalanalysis is described in an appendix to Specification D 2880.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of

8、LubricatingGreaseD 244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD 268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solventsand Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and RelatedCoatings and MaterialD 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D 346 Practice for Colle

9、ction and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D 923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD 977 Specification

10、for Emulsified AsphaltD 1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas3D 1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases, Manual MethodD 1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solu-tion by Abson MethodD 2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitu-men From Bituminous Paving Mixtu

11、resD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricit

12、y in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility Measurement (API MPMS Chapter 8.4)D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (APIMPMS Chapter 8.3)2.2 American National Standards:4B93.19 Standard Method for

13、Extraction Fluid Samples fromthe Lines of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTMAPI committee on Static Petroleum Measure-

14、ment. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees andaccepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.This test method was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1981.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved

15、 in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 405795(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we

16、bsite.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(for Particulate Contamination Analysis)B

17、93.44 Method for Extracting Fluid Samples from theReservoir of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System2.3 API Standards:5MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D 4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing and Han-dling of Liquid Samples of Pet

18、roleum and PetroleumProducts (ASTM Practice D 5854)MPMS Chapter 8.4 Standard Practice for the Sampling andHandling of Fuels for Volatility Measurements (ASTMPractice D 5842)MPMS Chapter 9.3 Thermohydrometer Test Method forDensity and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum ProductsMPMS Ch

19、apter 10, various sections, Sediment and WaterDeterminationMPMS Chapter 17.1 Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspec-tionMPMS Chapter 17.2 Measurement of Cargoes Aboard Ma-rine Tank VesselsMPMS Chapter 18.1 Measurement Procedures for CrudeOil Gathered from Small Tanks By Truck3. Terminology3.1 Definition

20、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Samples:3.1.1.1 all-levels samplea sample obtained by submerg-ing a stoppered beaker or bottle to a point as near as possibleto the draw-off level, then opening the sampler and raising it ata rate such that it is approximately three-fourths full as itemerge

21、s from the liquid.3.1.1.2 boring samplea sample of the material containedin a barrel, case, bag, or cake that is obtained from the chipscreated by boring holes into the material with a ship auger.3.1.1.3 bottom samplea spot sample collected from thematerial at the bottom of the tank, container, or l

22、ine at itslowest point.DiscussionIn practice, the term bottom sample has avariety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that theexact sampling location (for example, 15 cm from the bottom)should be specified when using this term.3.1.1.4 bottom water samplea spot sample of free watertaken from

23、beneath the petroleum contained in a ship or bargecompartment or a storage tank.3.1.1.5 clearance samplea spot sample taken with theinlet opening of the sampling apparatus 10 cm (4 in.) (someregulatory agencies require 15 cm (6 in.) below the bottom ofthe tank outlet.DiscussionThis term is normally

24、associated with small(159 m3or 1000 Bbls or less) tanks, commonly referred to aslease tanks.3.1.1.6 composite samplea blend of spot samples mixedin proportion to the volumes of material from which the spotsamples were obtained.3.1.1.7 core samplea sample of uniform cross sectionalarea taken at a giv

25、en height in a tank.3.1.1.8 dipper samplea sample obtained by placing adipper or other collecting vessel in the path of a free-flowingstream to collect a definite volume from the full cross sectionof the stream at regular time intervals for a constant time rateof flow or at time intervals varied in

26、proportion to the flow rate.3.1.1.9 drain samplea sample obtained from the waterdraw-off valve on a storage tank.DiscussionOccasionally, a drain sample may be the sameas a bottom sample (for example, in the case of a tank car).5Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash

27、-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.TABLE 1 Typical Sampling Procedures and ApplicabilityApplication Type of Container ProcedureLiquids of more than (13.8 kPa) and not more than 101 kPa(14.7 psia) RVPstorage tanks, ship and barge tanks, tank cars, tank trucks bottle samplingthief samplingLi

28、quids of 101 kPa (14.7 psia) RVP or less storage tanks with taps tap samplingBottom sampling of liquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less storage tanks with taps tap samplingLiquids of 101 kPa (14.7 psia) RVP or less pipes or lines pipeline samplingLiquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less storage tan

29、ks, ships, barges bottle samplingLiquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less free or open-discharge streams dipper samplingLiquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less drums, barrels, cans tube samplingBottom or thief sampling of liquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less tank cars, storage tanks thief sampl

30、ingLiquids and semi-liquids of 13.8 kPa (2 psia) RVP or less free or open-discharge streams; open tanks or kettles with openheads; tank cars, tank trucks, drumsdipper samplingCrude petroleum storage tanks, ship and barge, tanks, tank cars, tank trucks,pipelinesautomatic samplingthief samplingbottle

31、samplingtap samplingIndustrial aromatic hydrocarbons storage tanks, ship and barge tanks bottle samplingWaxes, solids bitumens, other soft solids barrels, cases, bags, cakes boring samplingPetroleum coke; lumpy solids freight cars, conveyors, bags, barrels, boxes grab samplingGreases, soft waxes, as

32、phalts kettles, drums, cans, tubes grease samplingAsphaltic materials storage tanks, tank cars, lines, packages .Emulsified asphalts storage tanks, tank cars, lines, packages .D40570623.1.1.10 floating roof samplea spot sample taken justbelow the surface to determine the density of the liquid onwhic

33、h the roof is floating.3.1.1.11 flow proportional samplea sample taken from apipe such that the rate of sampling is proportional throughoutthe sampling period to the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe.3.1.1.12 grab samplea sample obtained by collectingequal quantities from parts or packages of a shi

34、pment of loosesolids such that the sample is representative of the entireshipment.3.1.1.13 grease samplea sample obtained by scooping ordipping a quantity of soft or semi-liquid material containedfrom a package in a representative manner.3.1.1.14 lower samplea spot sample of liquid from themiddle of

35、 the lower one-third of the tanks content (a distanceof five-sixths of the depth liquid below the liquids surface).See Fig. 1.3.1.1.15 middle samplea spot sample taken from themiddle tanks contents (a distance of one-half of the depth ofliquid below the liquids surface). See Fig. 1.3.1.1.16 multiple

36、 tank composite samplea mixture ofindividual samples or composites of samples that have beenobtained from several tanks or ship/barge compartments con-taining the same grade of material.DiscussionThe mixture is blended in proportion to thevolume of material contained in the respective tanks orcompar

37、tments.3.1.1.17 outlet samplea spot sample taken with the inletopening of the sampling apparatus at the level of the bottom ofthe tank outlet (fixed or floating). See Fig. 1.3.1.1.18 representative samplea portion extracted fromthe total volume that contains the constituents in the sameproportions t

38、hat are present in that total volume.3.1.1.19 running samplea sample obtained by lowering abreaker or bottle to the level of the bottom of the outletconnection or swing line and returning it to the top of the oil ata uniform rate such that the beaker or bottle is about three-fourths full when withdr

39、awn from the oil.3.1.1.20 samplea portion extracted from a total volumethat may or may not contain the constituents in the sameproportions that are present in that total volume.3.1.1.21 samplingall the steps required to obtain a samplethat is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or othe

40、rvessel and to place that sample in a container from which arepresentative test specimen can be taken for analysis.3.1.1.22 spot samplea sample taken at a specific locationin a tank or from a flowing stream in a pipe at a specific time.3.1.1.23 surface samplea spot sample skimmed from thesurface of

41、a liquid in a tank.3.1.1.24 tank composite samplea blend created from theupper, middle, and lower samples from a single tank.DiscussionFor a tank of uniform cross section, such as anupright cylindrical tank, the blend consists of equal parts of thethree samples. For a horizontal cylindrical tank, th

42、e blendconsists of three samples in the proportions shown in Table 2.3.1.1.25 tap samplea spot sample taken from a sample tapon the side of a tank. It may also be referred to as a tank-sidesample.3.1.1.26 top samplea spot sample obtained 15 cm (6 in.)below the top surface of the liquid. See Fig. 1.3

43、.1.1.27 tube or thief samplea sample obtained with asampling tube or special thief, either as a core sample or spotsample from a specific point in the tank or container.3.1.1.28 upper samplea spot sample taken from themiddle of the upper one-third of the tanks contents (a distanceof one-sixth of the

44、 liquid depth below the liquids surface). SeeFig. 1.3.1.2 Other Terms:3.1.2.1 automatic samplera device used to extract arepresentative sample from the liquid flowing in a pipe.DiscussionThe automatic sampler generally consists of aprobe, a sample extractor, an associated controller, a flowmeasuring

45、 device, and a sample receiver. For additionalinformation on an automatic sampler, see Practice D 4177 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.2).3.1.2.2 dissolved waterwater in solution in an oil.3.1.2.3 emulsionan oil/water mixture that does not readilyseparate.3.1.2.4 entrained waterwater suspended in the oil.Discuss

46、ionEntrained water includes emulsions but doesnot include dissolved water.NOTE 1The location shown for the outlet sample applies only to tankswith side outlets. It does not apply when the outlet comes from the floorof the tank or turns down into a sump. Bottom sample location must bespecified.NOTE 2

47、Samples should be obtained from within solid stand pipes asthe materials normally not representative of the material in the tank at thatpoint.FIG. 1 Spot Sampling LocationsTABLE 2 Sampling Instructions for Horizontal Cylindrical TanksLiquidDepth(% ofDiameter)Sampling Level(% of Diameter Above Bottom

48、)Composite Sample(Proportionate Parts Of)Upper Middle Lower Upper Middle Lower100 80 50 20 3 4 390 75 50 20 3 4 380 70 50 20 2 5 370 50 20 6 460 50 20 5 550 40 20 4 640 20 1030 15 1020 10 1010 5 10D40570633.1.2.5 free waterthe water that exists as a separate phase.3.1.2.6 intermediate containerthe v

49、essel into which all orpart of the sample from a primary container/receiver istransferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.3.1.2.7 primary sample receiver/receptaclea container inwhich a sample is initially collected.DiscussionExamples of primary sampler containers in-clude glass and plastic bottles, cans, core-type thief, and fixedand portable sample receivers.3.1.2.8 stand pipes vertical sections of pipe or tubingextending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanksthat are equipped with external or inter