ASTM D3773 D3773M-2010(2014) Standard Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric《纺织品长度的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D3773/D3773M 10 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forLength of Woven Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3773/D3773M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover four options for m

3、easuringfabric length and are applicable to full rolls or bolts ofmaterials.1.2 There are four approved options of measuring length asfollows:1.2.1 Option AHand (Section 6).1.2.2 Option BDrum (Section 7).1.2.3 Option CClock (Section 8).1.2.4 Option DFolding (Section 9).1.3 The values stated in eithe

4、r SI units or in U.S. customaryunits shall be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet

5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Text

6、ilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric TestMethods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4

7、850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:length, stable fabric, woven fabric3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The length is measured from one end of the fabric to theother, using a suitable g

8、raduated device, or apparatus asdescribed in the option used.5. Conditioning5.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776.5.2 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities,perform the tests without conditioning and report

9、the actualconditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles.6. Option AHand6.1 Significance and UseThe hand method specifies thatthe length of a fabric be measured in a relaxed tension-

10、freemanner. This test method is the referee method to which allother test methods shall be compared for the establishment oftheir accuracy. This test method can be used for acceptancetesting, although it is not used as a general practice because itis too time consuming.6.1.1 In case of a dispute ari

11、sing from differences inreported test values when using Test Methods D3773 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andsupplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended f

12、or the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The ave

13、rage results from the two1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous ed

14、ition approved in 2010 as D3773 10. ReplacesSections 6 to 12 of Methods D1910 64 (1975), Test for Construction Character-istics of Woven Fabrics. DOI: 10.1520/D3773_D3773M10R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F

15、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1laboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data

16、 and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Flat Horizontal Surfac

17、e, at least3m3ydlong andhaving a width equal to or greater than the widest fabric to bemeasured.6.2.2 Length-Measuring Device, metal rule or steel tape, 1m 1 yd minimum length graduated in 1 mm 116 in. units,and6.2.3 Pins, suitable for use as markers.6.3 SamplingTake a lot sample as directed in the

18、materialspecification or as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. Inthe absence of such specification or agreement, all rolls orpieces shall be measured. Consider rolls or bolts of fabric asthe primary sampling units. The lot sample also serves as thelaboratory sample and as the test specimens.6.

19、4 Procedure:6.4.1 Lay the fabric on a smooth horizontal surface. Fabricmust lay flat, without tension, and free from wrinkles and folds.6.4.2 Using a minimum number of increments, measuresuccessive lengths of fabric parallel to the selvage to thenearest 1 mm 116 in., marking each length with pins.6.

20、4.3 Add the measurements to determine the length of thefabric.7. Option BDrum7.1 Significance and UseThe drum option may be used formeasuring the length of a fabric for the purpose of acceptancetesting, provided the users laboratory verifies for the specificweave and construction of interest that re

21、sults obtained by thistest method agree within 6 0.5 % of those obtained by thehand option. In cases of dispute the hand option shall be used.7.2 Apparatus:7.2.1 Motor-Driven Measuring Drum3, equipped with a dialor counter geared to the drum. The measuring drum is usuallycovered with fabric or cork.

22、 Synchronize the counting mecha-nism with the drum to read in metres or yards.7.2.2 Standard Roll, the length of which has been deter-mined by the hand method.7.3 SamplingSample as directed in 6.3.7.4 Procedure:7.4.1 Run the fabric over the measuring drum, face side up,with sufficient tension to kee

23、p the fabric running flat and trueto prevent any slippage. Eliminate any observed slippage byadjusting one or two free running guide rollers to increase thearc of contact between the fabric and the drum when necessary.The rollers should not touch the fabric in contact with thedrum.7.4.2 Read the len

24、gth from the dial or counter geared to thedrum. This reading represents the length measured under thetension existing while the fabric is running.7.4.3 Calculate the average length for the lot.8. Option CClock8.1 Significance and UseThe clock option may be usedfor measuring the length of a fabric fo

25、r the purpose ofacceptance testing, provided the users laboratory verifies forthe specific weave and construction of interest that resultsobtained by this test method agree within 6 0.5 % of thoseobtained by the hand method. Use the device on any machineequipped to handle continuous lengths of fabri

26、c. In cases ofdispute, the hand option shall be used.8.2 Apparatus:8.2.1 Measuring Device3, consisting of a pair of identicalwheels, mounted 75 to 100 mm 3 to 4 in. apart on afree-running common axle connected to a counting mechanismgraduated to read in metres or decimetres yards and eighths ofa yar

27、d. The surfaces of the wheels are approximately 10 mm12 in. wide and should be covered with cork or other suitablefriction material ground to a known circumference. Synchro-nize the counting mechanism to this circumference so that itwill read in metres yards.8.2.2 Standard Roll, the length of which

28、has been deter-mined by the hand option.8.3 SamplingSample as directed in 6.3.8.4 Procedure:8.4.1 Mount the measuring device in such a way that themovement of the fabric through the machine will turn thewheels.8.4.2 Run the fabric through the measuring device. Read thelength of fabric directly from

29、the counter. This reading repre-sents the length measured under the tension existing while thefabric is running.8.4.3 Calculate the average length for the lot.9. Option DFolding9.1 Significance and UseThe machine folding option isgenerally applicable for measuring the length of soft uncoatedfabrics

30、weighing 200 g/m26 oz/yd2 or less. However, the testmethod may be used with any fabric for the purpose ofacceptance testing provided the users laboratory verifies thatresults obtained by this test method agree within 60.5 % ofthose obtained by the hand option for the specific weave orconstruction of

31、 interest.9.2 Apparatus:9.2.1 Mechanical Device3, that folds a known length offabric at each stroke.9.2.2 Rigid Measuring Device, such as a metre stick gradu-ated in 1-mm units or a yard stick graduated in116-in. units.9.3 SamplingSample as directed in 6.3.9.4 Procedure:9.4.1 Run the fabric through

32、the folding device and recordthe length of five or more folds drawn at random intervals withthe metre stick yard stick.3Apparatus is commercially available.D3773/D3773M 10 (2014)29.4.2 Calculate the average length of a fold to the nearest 1mm 116 in.9.4.3 Calculate the length of the fabric as the pr

33、oduct of thenumber of strokes required to fold the piece, times the averagelength of the folds, plus any partial fold, in metres yards.10. Report10.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethods D3773. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.10.2 Re

34、port the following information:10.2.1 Option used to measure fabric length.10.2.2 Fabric length for each roll or bolt.10.2.3 The atmospheric conditions under which the testswere conducted if not standard, and if the specimens wereconditioned as directed in Practice D1776.11. Precision and Bias411.1

35、PrecisionTThe precision of this test method is basedon an interlaboratory study of D3773 - Standard Test Methodsfor Length of Woven Fabric, conducted in 1996. Threelaboratories participated in the metal rule/steel tape portion ofthe study (Option A in D3773), while nine laboratories partici-pated in

36、 the motor-drive drum against back of fabric analysis(Option B in D3773). Each of the labs reported duplicate testresults for 16 different upholstery fabrics. Every “test result”reported represents an individual determination. Except for theuse of data from only three laboratories for the metal rule

37、/steeltape analysis, Practice E691 was followed for the design andanalysis of the data.11.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)- Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r” is theinterval representing the critica

38、l difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.11.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1 and Table2 below.11.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)- Two test results shall bejudged not equivalen

39、t if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 1 and Tab

40、le 2below.11.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.11.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 11.1.2would normally have an approximate 95% probability of beingcorrect, however the precision statistics for the metal rule/stee

41、ltape analysis obtained in this ILS must not be treated as exactmathematical quantities which are applicable to all circum-stances and uses. The limited number of laboratories reportingresults guarantees that there will be times when differencesgreater than predicted by the ILS results will arise, s

42、ometimeswith considerably greater or smaller frequency than the 95%probability limit would imply. The reproducibility limit shouldbe considered as a general guide, and the associated probabilityof 95% as only a rough indicator of what can be expected.11.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no a

43、cceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.11.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 384 results, from nine laboratories, on16 different upholstery fabrics.12. Keywords12.1 fabric

44、; length; woven4Supporting data have been filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:D13-1129.TABLE 1 Metal Rule/Steel Tape YardsMaterial AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitxSxsrsRrRRoll A 42.

45、333 0.416 0.125 0.425 0.350 1.191Roll B 41.521 0.425 0.051 0.427 0.143 1.195Roll C 53.792 0.722 0.102 0.725 0.286 2.031Roll D 58.333 0.402 0.204 0.427 0.572 1.195Roll E 45.792 0.753 0.177 0.764 0.495 2.139Roll F 53.854 0.567 0.561 0.692 1.572 1.938Roll G 54.833 0.524 0.072 0.527 0.202 1.475Roll H 53

46、.542 0.416 0.191 0.438 0.535 1.225Roll I 51.083 1.035 0.473 1.088 1.325 3.046Roll J 58.125 0.758 0.260 0.780 0.729 2.183Roll K 55.396 0.505 0.265 0.539 0.742 1.509Roll L 61.958 0.532 0.462 0.624 1.294 1.747Roll M 44.208 0.473 0.204 0.495 0.572 1.385Roll N 53.750 0.556 0.072 0.558 0.202 1.562Roll O 4

47、0.197 0.753 0.177 0.764 0.495 2.139Roll P 54.146 0.532 0.051 0.533 0.143 1.492AAverage of Laboratories calculated averagesD3773/D3773M 10 (2014)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of

48、this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five

49、years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM