ASTM D3333-2007(2018) Standard Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers Sliver or Tow for Testing.pdf

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1、Designation: D3333 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forSampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow forTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the division ofshipments of manufactured staple fiber, sliver (or top)

3、 or towinto lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.NOTE 1For sampling yarns, refer to Practice D2258.NOTE 2This practice differs from BISFA2rules for staple fibers in thelot sampling, by the elimination of separate sampling of outer versus innercontainer areas, in the reduction of number of

4、strata from 6 to 5, and bythe elimination of compositing to obtain a single laboratory sample for thelot when testing properties which do not depend on as-received moisturecontent.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo

5、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-iza

6、tion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2258 Practice f

7、or Sampling Yarn for TestingD4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in TestMethods for Textiles (Withdrawn 2009)4D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.2 For all other terminology

8、related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Instructions are given for dividing containers into lots,for determining the number of containers to be selected fromeach lot as the lot sample, and for determining the number ofcontainers taken from the lot sample as a laborato

9、ry sample.See Practice D4271.4.2 Separate laboratory samples are taken for commercialweight measurement and for other testing, for example, physi-cal or chemical tests.4.3 The manner of preparing laboratory sampling units forcommercial weight, and the manner of collecting laboratorysampling units fo

10、r other testing are based on the following:4.3.1 Present knowledge of the systematic variation ofmoisture within the container, and4.3.2 The variability of the properties for which the practiceis to be used.5. Significance and Use5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in acontainer or

11、 in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves ameasurement process that includes both sampling and testingprocedures. The correctness of the value assigned dependsupon the variability due to testing. Even when the variabilitydue to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures,correct and co

12、nsistent estimates of the true value of theproperty are possible only when the sampling procedure avoidssystematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, andprovides a laboratory sample of adequate size.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct r

13、esponsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3333 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D3333-07R18.2BISFA Internationally Agreed Methods for Testing Polyamide Staple Fibe

14、rs,1974 edition, BISFA Internationally Agreed Methods for Testing Polyester StapleFibers, 1972 edition, and BISFA Rules for Testing Regenerated Cellulose andAcetate Staple Fibers, 1970 edition, available from the Bureau International pour laStandardisation de la Rayonne et des Fibres Synthetiques.3F

15、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is refer

16、enced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for th

17、eDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.2 This practice may not give the most efficient samplingplan that might be devised in special situations but it doespresent a general procedure th

18、at gives satisfactory precisionwith an economical amount of sampling and one which doesnot require elaborate statistical computation based on previousknowledge of the amount of variation between lot samples,between laboratory samples, and between test specimens.5.3 The smallest number of specimens r

19、equired for a givenvariability in the average result will usually be obtained by (1)minimizing the number of shipping units in the lot sample, (2)taking one of the shipping units in the laboratory sample, and(3) taking the prescribed specimen(s) from the selected labo-ratory sample shipping unit. (S

20、ee 7.3 and 7.4.)5.4 To minimize the cost of sampling a lot of material, it isnecessary to agree on the required variance for the reportedaverage for a lot of material:5.4.1 Estimate the variance due to lot samples, the variancedue to laboratory samples, and the variance due to testspecimens.5.4.2 Ca

21、lculate the total variance for the average test resultsfor several combinations of the number of lot samples, thenumber of laboratory samples per lot sample, and the numberof test specimens per laboratory sample.5.4.3 Calculate the cost of performing each of the samplingschemes considered in 5.4.2.5

22、.4.4 Select the sampling scheme that (1) has the requiredprecision, and (2) is most economical to perform.6. Apparatus (for Moisture Related Properties)6.1 Sample Containers, tared to the nearest 0.1 g, formed ofimpermeable materials, such as glass, polyethylene, or metal,and capable of being rapidl

23、y closed and sealed air-tight. Thesample containers shall be of a size to contain approximately250 g of compressed fiber.6.1.1 If the air space above the compressed fiber is no morethan 2 % of the container volume, a rigid container may beused.6.1.2 Flexible polyethylene bags or vessels, constructed

24、with a wall thickness of at least 0.13 mm (0.005 in.), andcapable of being sealed air-tight, have been found satisfactory,provided they are compressed prior to sealing to remove asmuch free air as possible.6.2 Laboratory Weighing Device, capable of weighing thematerial to a precision of 60.1 %.6.3 B

25、ale-Weighing Device, capable of weighing the entirecontainer to a precision of 60.1 %.7. Procedure7.1 Division into LotsInstructions for the division ofproduct into lots is best given in the appropriate specification.In the absence of such instructions, sample and test as aseparate lot any portion o

26、f a shipment or order that differs fromother portions in specifications, or physical characteristics, orthat is billed or designated by the supplier as a separate lot. Ifportions of a larger order are shipped on different dates, fromplants or warehouses, or in more than one carload or truckload;trea

27、t each shipment as a separate lot. If the containers in ashipment do not have consecutive numbers, divide the ship-ment into groups of containers having consecutive numbersand treat each group as a separate lot if it is separated from theadjacent group by as many as ten container numbers.7.2 Lot Sam

28、pleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an appli-cable material specification, take containers which have beendesignated by drawing numbers from a recepticle in which thenumbers have been thoroughly mixed or by use of a table ofrandom numbers. As

29、applicable, consider containers to be theprimary sampling unit. Take the number of containers specifiedin Table 1.7.3 Laboratory Samples for Moisture Related PropertiesFor acceptance testing, unless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable material specification, proceed asdirected i

30、n 7.3.1, 7.3.2,or7.3.3. Samples for measurement ofmoisture related properties cannot be used for measurement ofother properties.7.3.1 Staple FiberImmediately upon opening each con-tainer in the lot sample, prepare two laboratory samples asfollows:7.3.1.1 Quickly strip off fiber down to each of the l

31、ayersillustrated in Fig. 1. As each layer is exposed, quickly collectan approximately 50-g hand sample in each hand, by pickingup small groups of fibers at points randomly distributed overthe entire surface of the layer. Immediately put one of the handsamples in one of the two tared laboratory sampl

32、e containersfor the bale and the other hand sample in the second container.Promptly close the containers. After all the layers have beensampled, the laboratory sample in each container shouldconsist of about 250 g of fiber. It is essential to minimize fiberexposure to the ambient atmosphere during e

33、ach step of thepreparation of the laboratory samples.7.3.2 Silver (or Top)When sampling packages of sliver (ortop) in a container, take one package at random from eachcontainer, giving each package in the container an equal chanceof being selected.7.3.2.1 For each package to be tested, immediately u

34、ponremoval of wrapping material from the package, pull twoapproximately 30-g samples and place one of them in one oftwo tared sample containers and the other in the secondcontainer. Close the containers immediately. Remove approxi-mately half of the sliver (or top) from the package. Quicklypull two

35、approximately 60-g samples from the middle. Placethese samples in the containers with the samples from the topof the package, closing the containers immediately. Removesliver (or top) to within one to three layers from the bottom.Quickly pull two more approximately 30-g samples and placeTABLE 1 Numb

36、er of ContainersAIn Lot In Lot Sample1to3 all4to24 425 to 50 5More than 50 10 % of the containers, but no morethan 10ATable 1 is an empirical practice found by experience to be satisfactory for the lotsample from homogeneous lots of man-made staple fiber.D3333 07 (2018)2them in the containers with t

37、he other samples. Each combinedsample should weigh 100 6 25 g.7.3.3 TowIf tow is wrapped on a support, treat it as sliver(or top) except cut the samples required. If tow is piddled, cuttwo approximately 60-g samples from the top layer. Place themin separate tared sample containers and close the cont

38、ainersimmediately. Remove tow to about the middle of the layers andcut three approximately 40-g segments from areas indicated inFig. 2. Place the segments in one of the sample containers andimmediately close the container. Remove a layer and cut threemore segments from the same general areas. Place

39、thesesegments in the other container, closing the container imme-diately. Remove the remainder of the tow to within one to threelayers of the bottom. Cut two approximately 60-g segmentsand place one in each of the containers, closing the containersimmediately. Each combined sample should weigh 240 6

40、 40 g.7.4 Laboratory Samples for Other PropertiesFor an ac-ceptance testing laboratory sample, unless otherwise agreedupon, as when specified in an applicable material specification,when testing for such properties as linear density, tensileproperties, length, extractable matter, fiber blend, etc. t

41、hat arenot dependent on as-received moisture content, proceed asdirected in 7.4.1, 7.4.2,or7.4.3. Use separate laboratorysamples for measurement of moisture related properties.7.4.1 Staple FiberAs each layer indicated in Fig. 1 isexposed, but after any samples for moisture tests have beentaken, take

42、 50-g samples from each layer approximately at apoint on a diagonal (Fig. 1) through the center of the container.Place each sample in a separate sample container labeled withthe complete sample identification. Sample containers need notbe tared and there is no need for speed in collecting the sample

43、.7.4.2 Sliver (or Top)When sampling packages of sliver (ortop) in a container for the laboratory sample, take one packageat random from each container, giving each package in thecontainer an equal chance of being selected.7.4.2.1 From each selected package, take a length of mate-rial from the lead e

44、nd that is compatible with requirements ofthe test under consideration and has a clean, uniform appear-ance.7.4.3 TowFrom each laboratory sample unit, take a lengthof material from the leading end that is compatible withrequirements of the test under consideration and has a clean,uniform appearance.

45、7.5 Test SpecimensFor each unit in the laboratory sample,test the number of specimens that is specified in the applicabletest method.8. Keywords8.1 sampling; textile fiber; textile strandNOTE 1A is the top surface immediately upon exposure; B is thesurface exposed on removal of the first quarter, C

46、is the surface at themiddle of the bale; D is the surface exposed on removal of three fourthsof the fiber, and E is the surface 2 to 3 cm above the bottom of the bale,F is the diagonal through the center of the bale.FIG. 1 Diagram for Staple Fiber SamplingTTop layer KCenterHMiddle layer LArea halfwa

47、y from center to edgeJArea halfway from center to edge BLayer just above the bottomFIG. 2 Diagram for Tow SamplingD3333 07 (2018)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard a

48、re expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not

49、 revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West