ASTM D3053-2006a Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black《炭黑的相关标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 3053 06aStandard Terminology Relating toCarbon Black1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indi
2、cates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions oftechnical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.Terms that are generally understood or ade
3、quately defined inother readily available sources are not included.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines andAttritionD 1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD 1510 Test Method for Carbon BlackIodine AdsorptionNumberD 1511 Test Method f
4、or Carbon BlackPellet Size Distri-butionD 1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, PelletedPourDensityD 1514 Test Method for Carbon BlackSieve ResidueD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD 1618 Test Method for Carbon Black ExtractablesTransmittance of Toluene ExtractD 1765 Classification System for Carbon
5、 Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD 1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD 1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD 1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, PelletedMassStrengthD 2414 Test Method for Carbon BlackOil AbsorptionNumber (OAN)D 2663 Test Methods for Carbon BlackDi
6、spersion inRubberD 3037 Test Methods for Carbon BlackSurface Area byNitrogen Adsorption3D 3265 Test Method for Carbon BlackTint StrengthD 3313 Test Method for Carbon BlackIndividual PelletHardnessD 3493 Test Method for Carbon BlackOil AbsorptionNumber of Compressed Sample (COAN)D 3849 Test Method fo
7、r Carbon BlackMorphologicalCharacterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-copyD 4820 Test Methods for Carbon Black-Surface Area byMultipoint B.E.T. Nitrogen Adsorption3D 5230 Test Method for Carbon BlackAutomated Indi-vidual Pellet HardnessD 5816 Test Methods for Carbon Black-External Surfac
8、eArea by Multipoint Nitrogen Adsorption3D 6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of PossibleCarbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other EnvironmentalParticulate, or Both3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:aciniform, adjshaped like a cluster of grapes.DISCUSSIONThe spheroidal primary particles of carbon black
9、 arefused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniformmorphology.carbon black, nan engineered material, primarily composedof elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion orthermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-gates of aciniform morphology which are compos
10、ed ofspheroidal primary particles, uniformity of primary particlesizes within a given aggregate, and turbostratic layeringwithin the primary particles.DISCUSSIONParticle size and aggregate size (number of particles peraggregate) are distributional properties and vary depending on thecarbon black gra
11、de. Transmission electron micrographs shown inAnnex A1 of Practice D 6602 demonstrate that while particle andaggregate sizes vary greatly within a given grade of carbon black, theprimary particle size is essentially uniform within an individualaggregate.carbon black, carcass grade, na type of furnac
12、e carbon1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon BlackNomenclature and Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous editio
13、n approved in 2006 as D 3053 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM In
14、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.black having an average particle size in the range from 31 to200 nm.DISCUSSIONCarcass-grade carbon blacks are produced by the oilfurnace process. The use of these grades in the rubber industry is notlimi
15、ted to the carcass portion of the tire. These grades are designatedwith an “N” first character and a second character of “4, 5, 6, or 7” inTable 1 of Classification D 1765. See Terminology D 1566 for thedefinition of carcass.carbon black, furnace, na type of carbon black produced bythe decomposition
16、 reaction of hydrocarbons when injectedinto a high-velocity stream of combustion gases undercontrolled conditions.carbon black, hard, nSee carbon black, tread grade, thepreferred term.DISCUSSIONAll carbon blacks provide some level of reinforcementwhen mixed in rubber. The amount of reinforcement is
17、a function of thecarbon black grade and amount used. See Terminology D 1566 for thedefinition of reinforcement.carbon black, semi-reinforcing, nSee carbon black, car-cass grade, the preferred term.DISCUSSIONAll carbon blacks provide some level of reinforcementwhen mixed in rubber. The amount of rein
18、forcement is a function of thecarbon black grade and amount used. See Terminology D 1566 for thedefinition of reinforcement.carbon black, soft, nSee carbon black, carcass grade, thepreferred term.DISCUSSIONAll carbon blacks provide some level of reinforcementwhen mixed in rubber. The amount of reinf
19、orcement is a function of thecarbon black grade and amount used. See Terminology D 1566 for thedefinition of reinforcement.carbon black, surface activity, nthe inherent ability of thecarbon black surface to interact physically or chemically, orboth, with rubber or other molecules.carbon black, targe
20、t value, na consensus value for selectedprimary properties on which producers center their manu-facturing process and users center their specification.DISCUSSIONTarget values for carbon black properties are shown inClassification D 1765 for most rubber grade carbon blacks currently incommerce.carbon
21、 black, thermal, na type of carbon black producedunder controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition ofhydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.DISCUSSIONThese grades are designated with an “N” first characterand a second character of “8 or 9” in Table 1 of Classification D 1765.carbon blac
22、k, thermal, acetylenic, na thermal black pro-duced from acetylene gas.carbon black, tread grade, na type of furnace carbon blackhaving an average particle size in the range from 1 to 30 nm.DISCUSSIONTread grade carbon blacks are produced by the oilfurnace process. The use of these grades in the rubb
23、er industry is notlimited to the tread portion of the tire. These grades are designated withan “N” first character and a second character of “0, 1, 2, or 3” in Table 1of Classification D 1765.carbon black, typical value, na consensus value for thosecarbon black properties that are not specifically t
24、argeted forcontrol in the manufacturing process and that are somewhatdependent upon the targeted properties.DISCUSSIONTypical values for carbon black properties are shown inClassification D 1765 for most rubber grade carbon blacks currently incommerce. These are consensus values based upon the range
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