ASTM D2699-2018 Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.pdf

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1、Designation: D2699 17D2699 18Designation: 237/87Standard Test Method forResearch Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This laboratory te

3、st method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuelin terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicableto fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sa

4、mple fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder,four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions.The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compar

5、ed to that ofone or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced

6、for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testingof gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N.range.1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. T

7、he values in parentheses are thehistorical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of theextensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concern

8、s, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1,

9、 Annex A1, A2.2.3.1,A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of In

10、ternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas C

11、hromatographyD2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2016)4D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct

12、ComparisonTechniqueD3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants1 This test method is under the jurisd

13、iction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017April 1, 2018. Published November 2017April 2018. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous editi

14、on approved in 20162017 asD2699 16D2699 17.1. DOI: 10.1520/D2699-17.10.1520/D2699-18.2 Motor O.N., determined using Test Method D2700, is a companion method to provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating conditions.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM web

15、site, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicati

16、on of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consi

17、dered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4814 Specification

18、for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6304 Test Method for Determination of

19、Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective CarbonNumberE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryE456 Terminology Relating

20、 to Quality and StatisticsE542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric ApparatusE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:4C-39.1 Requirements for Electrical Analog Indicating Instruments2.3 Energy Institute Standard:5IP 224/02 De

21、termination of Low Lead Content of Light Petroleum Distillates by Dithizone Extraction and Colorimetric Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accepted reference value, na value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived as: (1)a theoretical or established value,

22、 based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work ofsome national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work underthe auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E4563.1.1.1 Discussio

23、nIn the context of this test method, accepted reference value is understood to apply to the Research octane number of specificreference materials determined empirically under reproducibility conditions by the National Exchange Group or anotherrecognized exchange testing organization.3.1.2 Check Fuel

24、, nfor quality control testing, a spark-ignition engine fuels of selected characteristics having an octanenumber accepted reference value (O.N.ARV) determined by round-robin testing under reproducibility conditions.3.1.3 cylinder height, nfor the CFR engine, the relative vertical position of the eng

25、ine cylinder with respect to the piston attop dead center (tdc) or the top machined surface of the crankcase.3.1.3.1 dial indicator reading, nfor the CFR engine, a numerical indication of cylinder height, in thousandths of an inch,indexed to a basic setting at a prescribed compression pressure when

26、the engine is motored.3.1.3.2 digital counter reading, nfor the CFR engine, a numerical indication of cylinder height, indexed to a basic setting ata prescribed compression pressure when the engine is motored.3.1.4 detonation meter, analog, nfor knock testing, the signal conditioning instrumentation

27、 that accepts the electrical signalfrom the detonation pickup and provides an analog output signal to the analog knockmeter.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, three contemporary generations of apparatus have been developed as detonation meters. Theseare (year of introduction in pa

28、renthesis): the 501T Detonation Meter (1969), the 501C Detonation Meter (1979), and the SSD7000Detonation Meter (2017).63.1.5 detonation meter, digital, nfor knock testing, the digital signal conditioning instrumentation that accepts the electricalsignal from the detonation pickup and provides a dig

29、ital output for display.3.1.6 detonation pickup, nfor knock testing, a magnetostrictive-type transducer that threads into the engine cylinder and isexposed to combustion chamber pressure to provide an electrical signal that is proportional to the rate-of-change of cylinderpressure.4 Available from A

30、merican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.6 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obta

31、ined by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1870. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D2699 1823.1.7 dynamic fuel level, nfor knock testing, test procedure in which the fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity for sampleand reference fuels is determined using the falling level technique

32、that changes carburetor fuel level from a high or rich mixturecondition to a low or lean mixture condition, at a constant rate, causing knock intensity to rise to a maximum and then decrease,thus permitting observation of the maximum knockmeter reading.3.1.8 equilibrium fuel level, nfor knock testin

33、g, test procedure in which the fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity forsample and reference fuels is determined by making incremental step changes in fuel-air ratio, observing the equilibrium knockintensity for each step, and selecting the level that produces the highest knock intensity readin

34、g.3.1.9 firing, nfor the CFR engine, operation of the CFR engine with fuel and ignition.3.1.10 fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity, nfor knock testing, that proportion of fuel to air that produces the highestknock intensity for each fuel in the knock testing unit, provided this occurs within

35、specified carburetor fuel level limits.3.1.11 guide tables, n for knock testing, the specific relationship between cylinder height (compression ratio) and octanenumber at standard knock intensity for specific primary reference fuel blends tested at standard or other specified barometricpressure.3.1.

36、12 knock, nin a spark-ignition engine, abnormal combustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoignition ofthe air/fuel mixture. D41753.1.13 knock intensity, nfor knock testing, a measure of the level of knock.3.1.14 knockmeter, analog, nfor knock testing, the 0 to 100 division analog indic

37、ating meter that displays the knock intensitysignal from the analog detonation meter.3.1.15 knockmeter, digital, nfor knock testing, the 0 to 999 division digital indicating meter that displays the knock intensityfrom the digital detonation meter.3.1.16 motoring, nfor the CFR engine, operation of th

38、e CFR engine without fuel and with the ignition shut off.3.1.17 octane number, nfor spark-ignition engine fuel, any one of several numerical indicators of resistance to knock obtainedby comparison with reference fuels in standardized engine or vehicle tests. D41753.1.17.1 research octane number, nfo

39、r spark-ignition engine fuel, the numerical rating of knock resistance obtained bycomparison of its knock intensity with that of primary reference fuel blends when both are tested in a standardized CFR engineoperating under the conditions specified in this test method.3.1.18 oxygenate, nan oxygen-co

40、ntaining organic compound, which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,various alcohols and ethers. D41753.1.19 primary reference fuels, nfor knock testing, isooctane, n-heptane, volumetrically proportioned mixtures of isooctanewith n-heptane, or blends of tetraethyllead in isooctane

41、 that define the octane number scale.3.1.19.1 primary reference fuel blends below 100 octane, nthe volume % of isooctane in a blend with n-heptane that definesthe octane number of the blend, isooctane being assigned as 100 and n-heptane as 0 octane number.3.1.19.2 primary reference fuel blends above

42、 100 octane, nthe millilitres per U.S. gallon of tetraethyllead in isooctane thatdefine octane numbers above 100 in accordance with an empirically determined relationship.3.1.20 quality control (QC) sample, nfor use in quality assurance programs to determine and monitor the precision andstability of

43、 a measurement system, a stable and homogeneous material having physical or chemical properties, or both, similar tothose of typical samples tested by the analytical measurement system. The material is properly stored to ensure sample integrity,and is available in sufficient quantity for repeated, l

44、ong term testing. D62993.1.21 repeatability conditions, nconditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical testitems in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time. E4563.1.21.1 DiscussionIn the context of th

45、is test method, a short time interval between two ratings on a sample fuel is understood to be not less than thetime to obtain at least one rating on another sample fuel between them but not so long as to permit any significant change in thesample fuel, test equipment, or environment.3.1.22 reproduc

46、ibility conditions, nconditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items indifferent laboratories with different operators using different equipment. E4563.1.23 spread, nin knock measurement, the sensitivity of the analog detonation meter expressed in knockmeter d

47、ivisions peroctane number. (This feature is not a necessary adjustment in the digital detonation meter.)3.1.24 standard knock intensity, analog, nfor knock testing, that level of knock established when a primary reference fuelblend of specific octane number is used in the knock testing unit at maxim

48、um knock intensity fuel-air ratio, with the cylinder height(dial indicator or digital counter reading) set to the prescribed guide table value.The analog detonation meter is adjusted to producean analog knockmeter reading of 50 for these conditions.D2699 1833.1.25 standard knock intensity, digital,

49、nfor knock testing, that level of knock established when a primary reference fuelblend of specific octane number is used in the knock testing unit at maximum knock intensity fuel-air ratio, with the cylinder height(dial indicator or digital counter reading) set to the prescribed guide table value. The digital detonation meter will typically displaya peak to peak voltage of approximately 0.15 V for these conditions.3.1.26 toluene standardization fuels, nfor knock testing, those volumetrically proportioned blends of two or more of thefollowi