ASTM D664-2009 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration.pdf
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1、Designation: D 664 09Designation 177/96An American National StandardBritish Standard 4457Standard Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products by PotentiometricTitration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 664; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Departmen
3、t of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-tion of acidic constituents in petroleum products, lubricants,biodiesel and blends of biodiesel.1.1.1 Test Method AFor petroleum products and lubri-cants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene andpropan-2-ol. It
4、 is applicable for the determination of acidswhose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10-9;extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smallerthan 10-9do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysisconstants are larger than 10-9. The range of acid numbersincluded in the prec
5、ision statement is 0.1 mg/g KOH to 150mg/g KOH.1.1.2 Test Method BDeveloped specifically for biodieseland biodiesel blends with low acidity and slightly differentsolubility. This test method requires the use of an automatictitrator with automatic endpoint seeking capability.NOTE 1In new and used oil
6、s, the constituents that may be consideredto have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters,phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts ofammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and additionagents such as inhibitors and detergents.
7、1.2 The test method may be used to indicate relativechanges that occur in oil during use under oxidizing conditionsregardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil.Although the titration is made under definite equilibriumconditions, the test method is not intended to measure anabsolu
8、te acidic property that can be used to predict perfor-mance of oil under service conditions. No general relationshipbetween bearing corrosion and acid number is known.NOTE 2The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not benumerically the same as that obtained in accordance with Test Method
9、sD 974 and D 3339. There has not been any attempt to correlate thismethod with other non-titration methods.NOTE 3A few laboratories have made the observation that there is adifference in Test Method D 664 results when aqueous versus nonaqueousbuffers are used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to
10、 be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
11、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Prod-ucts by Semi-Micro Color I
12、ndicator TitrationD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acid number, nthe quantity of base, expressed asmilligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, r
13、e-quired to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a specifiedend point.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test method expresses the quantityof base as milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is th
14、e direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 66407.This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1964. ASTM TestMethod D 4739
15、 has been developed as an alternative to the base number portion ofD 664.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
16、STM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Apr 20 21:02:02 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (C
17、NIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.sample, that is required to titrate a sample in a mixture oftoluene and propan-2-ol to which a small amount of water hasbeen added from its initial meter reading in millivolts to ameter reading in millivolts corresponding to an
18、aqueous basicbuffer solution or a well-defined inflection point as specified inthe test method.3.1.1.2 DiscussionThis test method provides additionalinformation. The quantity of base, expressed as milligrams ofpotassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate asample in the solvent from it
19、s initial meter reading in millivoltsto a meter reading in millivolts corresponding to a freshlyprepared aqueous acidic buffer solution or a well-definedinflection point as specified in the test method shall be reportedas the strong acid number.3.1.1.3 DiscussionThe causes and effects of the so-call
20、edstrong acids and the causes and effects of the other acids can bevery significantly different. Therefore, the user of this testmethod shall differentiate and report the two, when they arefound.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is dissolved in a titration solvent and titratedpotentiometricall
21、y with alcoholic potassium hydroxide using aglass indicating electrode and a reference electrode or acombination electrode. The meter readings are plotted manu-ally or automatically against the respective volumes of titratingsolution and the end points are taken only at well-definedinflections in th
22、e resulting curve. When no definite inflectionsare obtained and for used oils, end points are taken at meterreadings corresponding to those found for aqueous acidic andbasic buffer solutions.5. Significance and Use5.1 New and used petroleum products, biodiesel and blendsof biodiesel may contain acid
23、ic constituents that are present asadditives or as degradation products formed during service,such as oxidation products. The relative amount of thesematerials can be determined by titrating with bases. The acidnumber is a measure of this amount of acidic substance in theoil, always under the condit
24、ions of the test. The acid number isused as a guide in the quality control of lubricating oilformulations. It is also sometimes used as a measure oflubricant degradation in service. Any condemning limits mustbe empirically established.5.2 Since a variety of oxidation products contribute to theacid n
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