ASTM D446-2012(2017) Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers《玻璃毛细管运动粘度计的标准规格和操作指南》.pdf
《ASTM D446-2012(2017) Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers《玻璃毛细管运动粘度计的标准规格和操作指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D446-2012(2017) Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers《玻璃毛细管运动粘度计的标准规格和操作指南》.pdf(26页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D446 12 (Reapproved 2017)Designation: 71/2/95Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions forGlass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e1.1 These specifications cover operating instructions forglass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types describedin detail in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as follows:Modified Ostwald viscometers, Annex A1Suspended-level viscometers, Annex A2Reverse-flow viscometers, Annex A31.2 The cali
4、bration of the viscometers is described inSection 6.1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometerssuitable for use in accordance with Test Method D445. Otherviscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable ofmeasuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precisiongiven in Test Me
5、thod D445 may be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on
6、 Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculati
7、on of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometersand Viscosity Oil Standards2.2 ISO Documents:3ISO 3104 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and OpaqueLiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-culation of Dynamic ViscosityISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscom
8、etersSpecifications and Operating InstructionsISO 5725 Basic Methods for the Determination of Repeat-ability and Reproducibility of a Standard MeasurementMethodISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration LaboratoriesISO Guide 25 General Requirements for the Calibratio
9、n andTesting Laboratories2.3 NIST Standards:4NIST 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing theUncertainty of NIST Measurement Results3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Fully annealed, low-expansion borosilicate glass shallbe used for the construction of all viscometers. The sizenumber, serial numb
10、er, and manufacturers designation shall bepermanently marked on each viscometer. All timing marksshall be etched and filled with an opaque color, or otherwisemade a permanent part of the viscometer. See detailed descrip-tion of each type of viscometer in Annex A1, Annex A2, andAnnex A3.3.2 With the
11、exception of the FitzSimons and Atlanticviscometers, all viscometers are designed to fit through a51-mm hole in the lid of a constant-temperature bath having aliquid depth of at least 280 mm; and it is assumed that thesurface of the liquid will be not more than 45 mm from the topof the bath lid. For
12、 certain constant-temperature baths, espe-cially at low or high temperatures, it may be necessary toconstruct the viscometers with the uppermost tubes longer than1These specifications and operating instructions are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
13、Lubricants andare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1966 as D2515 66. Redesignated D446 in 1977. Last previous editionapproved in 2012 as D446 12. DOI: 10.1520/D0446-12R17.2For ref
14、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 4
15、3rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis
16、 international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TB
17、T) Committee.1shown to ensure adequate immersion in the constant-temperature bath. Viscometers so modified can be used tomeasure kinematic viscosity within the precision of the testmethod.The lengths of tubes and bulbs on the figures should beheld within 610 % or 610 mm, whichever is less, such that
18、the calibration constant of the viscometer does not vary bymore than 615 % from the nominal value.4. Nomenclature for Figures4.1 The figures in the annexes contain letters to designatespecific parts of each viscometer. These letters are also used inthe text of the standard when reference to the visc
19、ometers isgiven. The more frequently used letters on the figures in theannexes are as follows:A lower reservoirB suspended levelbulbC and J timing bulbsD upper reservoirE, F, and I timing marksG and H filling marksK overflow tubeL mounting tubeM lower vent tubeN upper vent tubeP connecting tubeR wor
20、king capillary5. Viscometer Holder and Alignment5.1 All viscometers which have the upper meniscus directlyabove the lower meniscus (Cannon-Fenske routine in AnnexA1 and all in Annex A2) shall be mounted in a constanttemperature bath with tube L held within 1 of the vertical asobserved with a plumb b
21、ob or other equally accurate inspectionmeans. A number of commercially available holders are sodesigned that the tube L is held perpendicular to the lid of aconstant-temperature bath; nevertheless, the viscometer shouldbe tested with a plumb line in order to ensure that the tube Lis in a vertical po
22、sition.5.1.1 Those viscometers whose upper meniscus is offsetfrom directly above the lower meniscus (all others in AnnexA1and all in Annex A3) shall be mounted in a constant-temperature bath with tube L held within 0.3 of the vertical.5.2 Round metal tops, designed to fit above a 51 mm hole inthe li
23、d of the bath, are frequently cemented on to the Zeitfuchs,Zeitfuchs cross-arm, and Lantz-Zeitfuchs viscometers whichthen are permanently mounted on the lid of the bath. Also arectangular metal top, 25 mm 59 mm, is often cemented onto the Zeitfuchs cross-arm and Zeitfuchs viscometers. Viscom-eters f
24、itted with metal tops should also be set vertically in theconstant-temperature bath with the aid of a plumb line.5.3 In each figure, the numbers which follow the tubedesignation indicate the outside tube diameter in millimetres. Itis important to maintain these diameters and the designatedspacing to
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