ASTM D2102-2002(2018) Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test).pdf

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1、Designation: D2102 02 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unre-strained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibersfrom exposur

3、e to some environment, for instance, boilingwater for 15 min.1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow andfibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.NOTE 1For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to TestMethod D5104.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI u

4、nits are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit

5、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization est

6、ablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776/D1776M Practice fo

7、r Conditioning and Testing Tex-tilesD2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver, or Tow for TestingD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD5104 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)3. Terminology3.1

8、For terminology related to Yarns and Fibers see Termi-nology D4849.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:shrinkage.3.3 For definition of other terms related to textiles, seeTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Auniform bundle of conditioned parallel fibers is lightlyloaded b

9、etween clamps and the nip to nip length measured.Without being removed from the clamps, the bundle specimenis then exposed to the test environment, typically, boiling waterfor 15 min. After reconditioning, the bundle length is remea-sured under the same light loading.NOTE 2Due to the very high varia

10、bility of the shrinkage of individualfibers of high shrinkage types, to obtain a reliable average value wouldrequire an excessive number of determinations, each rather tedious. Thebundle method does not give the true average value, but rather a weightedvalue approaching the highest shrinkage fiber i

11、n the bundle. Since theweighted value more closely approximates the properties found in a highbulk yarn made from such fibers, the weighted value would seem to bemore appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in lengthproduces errors in estimating values for shr

12、inkage below 10 %.However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibersbecause the results give have been found to give an adequateindication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test isnot adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage atlow levels. If there are differ

13、ences of practical significancebetween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-parative tests that are as ho

14、mogeneous as possible, drawn fromthe same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal1This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on

15、Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2102 02 (2012)1. DOI:10.1520/D2102-02R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service

16、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with

17、 internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1numbers to each laboratory. The test resul

18、ts from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the kn

19、own bias.5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is notrecommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipmentsof fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. SeeSection 14.5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of fibers; but

20、caution is advised sinceinformation on between laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.6. Apparatus6.1 Jig,3consisting of a frame with fixed upper clampsuitable for holding a small parallel bundle of fibers, asmoothly sliding lower clamp and a means for lo

21、cking thislower clamp in position, and a suitable scale inscribed on thejig to measure the distance between clamps to the nearest0.2 mm (0.01 in.).6.2 Tape Adhesive Cellophane or Masking, 25.4 mm (1 in.).7. Sampling7.1 Lot samplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of s

22、hipping containers directed inthe applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to usePractice D3333 or Practice D2258/D2258M, as appropriate.Consider shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specification

23、 or other agreement between thepurchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unitwithin a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a singlepackage, end or other laboratory sampling unit to p

24、rovide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and limiting quantity level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for ac-ceptance testing, take at random from each shipping containerin the lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units asdir

25、ected in an applicable material specification or other agree-ment between purchaser and supplier such as an agreement touse Practice D3333 or Practice D2258/D2258M, as appropri-ate. Preferably, the same number of laboratory sampling unitsare taken from each shipping container in the lot sample. Ifdi

26、ffering numbers of laboratory sampling units are to be takenfrom shipping containers in the lot sample, determine atrandom which shipping containers are to have each number oflaboratory units drawn.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unittake five specimens at random. If the standard dev

27、iationdetermined for the container from which the laboratory sam-pling units were taken is more than a value agreed uponbetween the purchaser and supplier, continue testing in groupsof five specimens from the same laboratory sampling units inthe container until the standard deviation for all specime

28、nstested for the container is not more than the agreed-to value or,by agreement, stop testing after a specified number.7.3.1 If testing fibers from yarn, carefully remove twistbefore taking the specimens.8. Preparation of Test Specimen8.1 Prepare test specimen bundles by drawing and lappingfibers to

29、 align the fibers in parallel. Be careful not to stretch anyof the fibers.8.1.1 If fibers are already parallel, as in sliver or tow,split-off bundles of fibers from the side of the material.8.1.2 Draw and lap the specimen bundles such that the fiberends at one end of the test specimen bundles are es

30、sentiallyaligned.8.2 Make up each specimen bundle so that its linear densityin tex will result in a loading of 0.9 cN/tex (0.1 gf/d), by theweight of the sliding clamp as obtained in accordance with 9.1.NOTE 4Wrapping Bundle EndsCut two short pieces of tape.Carefully wrap the tapes about the end of

31、the specimen bundle. Space theends to give as long a specimen as practical and compatible with the jigand fiber lengths. Trim the tape ends to fit inside the clamps.9. Calibration9.1 Weigh the sliding lower clamp to 0.1 g for determinationof specimen bundle size as stated in 8.2. The jig must bepart

32、ially disassembled to do this.9.2 Clamp a scale, of approximately 40 mm (112 in.) inlength, in the jaws with exactly 25 mm (1.0 in.) nip to nip.Position the upper clamp to give a reading of 1.00 in. on theinscribed scale.10. Conditioning10.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples asdirect

33、ed in Practice D1776/D1776M.10.1.1 During preconditioning, spread the samples out toavoid any build up of temperature within the sample that couldaffect its shrinkage.11. Procedure11.1 Make all length measurements on specimens in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles which is 21 6 1C(706 2F) a

34、nd 65 6 2 % relative humidity.11.2 Place one end of the specimen in one of the fixedclamps at the top of the jig. If used, the tape should be insidethe clamp nip. With the specimen in a relaxed state, carefullyplace the other end in the opposite movable clamp.11.3 Repeat 11.2 and 11.3 until all spec

35、imens are in thejig(s).11.3.1 If the ends were taped, insert the specimens in theclamps with the tapes inside the clamp and not in the nips.11.4 Mount the jig vertically and gently release the slidingclamps. The lower clamp and rod (plus a small additional3The sole source of supply of the apparatus

36、known to the committee at this timeis Layman and Russ Machine Co., Inc., P.O. Box 146, Oreland, PA19075. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible tech

37、nical committee,1which you may attend.D2102 02 (2018)2weight, if needed) should now be imposing a loading of0.9 cN tex (1.0 gf/den) on the specimen bundle.11.5 Read the initial gage lengths on the inscribed vernierscales to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). Record the length (A).11.6 Move the sliding c

38、lamps inward.Allow ample slack forshrinkage. Lock the clamps in this retracted position.11.7 Expose the specimens to the required test environment,typically, boiling water for 15 min.11.8 Return the specimens to moisture equilibrium with thestandard atmosphere for testing and repeat the proceduredes

39、cribed in 11.4 and 11.5 to obtain the new lengths (B).12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the percentage shrinkage for each specimenbundle to the nearest 0.1 % using Eq 1:S 5 B 2 A!/B# 3100 (1)where:S = shrinkage, %,B = specimen length before treatment, mm (in.), andA = specimen length after treatment, mm

40、 (in.).12.2 Calculate the average shrinkage for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot.12.3 Calculate the standard deviation, coefficient of varia-tion or both for each laboratory sampling unit and for the lot,if requested.13. Report13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in Test

41、Method D2102. Describe the material or product sampled, andthe method of sampling used.13.2 Report the following information:13.2.1 Shrinkage for each laboratory sample unit and for thelot,13.2.2 Standard deviation, coefficient of variation, or both,if calculated,13.2.3 Nominal gage length used,13.2

42、.4 Test conditions (medium, temperature, and time),and13.2.5 Number of observations.14. Precision and Bias14.1 SummaryBased on limited information from twolaboratories, the single-operator and between-laboratory com-ponents of variance shown in Tables 1 and 2 are approximate.In comparing two average

43、s, the differences should not exceedthe single-operator precision values shown in Table 2 in 95 outof 100 when all the observations are taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same piece of test equipmentand specimens randomly drawn from the same sample andtested on the same day. Difference

44、s for other laboratories maybe larger or smaller. The number of laboratories available toperform the procedure in this test method has diminished overthe last few years. If additional laboratories are identified toperform this test, between-laboratory precision will be estab-lished.14.2 Interlaborat

45、ory Test DataA two-laboratory test wasrun in 1995 in which samples of two materials were tested.Two operators in each laboratory tested fiber bundle specimensof each material. The components of variance for shrinkageresults and the materials are given in Table 1.14.3 Critical DifferencesFor componen

46、t of variance re-ported in Table 1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences inTable 2.NOTE 5The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a gener

47、al statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established, with each comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from

48、a lot of material of the type beingevaluated to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and then randomlyassigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.14.4 BiasThe value for shrinkage of textile fibers by thebundle test can only be defined in terms of a test method.Within this limitation, this

49、test method has no known bias.15. Keywords15.1 dimensional change; textile fibersTABLE 1 Materials and Shrinkage Average and Components ofVarianceAAcrylicHigh-BulkNylon LowShrinkageShrinkage average, % 18.8 3.9Components of VarianceSingle-operator 1.97 0.245Between-laboratory 0.886 0AThe square roots of the components of variance (standard deviations) arereported to express the variability in shrinkage units of measure rather than thesquares of the units of measure.D2102 02 (2018)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ