ASTM D2001-2007 Standard Test Method for Depentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas《汽油和石脑油的脱戊烷的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 2001 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDepentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the removal of pentanes andlighter hydrocarbons from gasolines, naphthas, and similarpe

3、troleum distillates to prepare samples suitable for the deter-mination of hydrocarbon types in accordance with Test MethodD 2789. In addition, this test method determines the volumepercent of bottoms remaining after depentanization.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.

4、 The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili

5、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTablesD 2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Ole-finic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50-mL sample is distilled into an overhead

6、 (C5andlighter) fraction and a bottoms (C6and heavier) fraction. Thevolume of bottoms is measured and the volume percent, basedon the charge, is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The presence of pentane and lighter hydrocarbons ingasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates interferesi

7、n Test Method D 2789. Pentane and lighter hydrocarbons areseparated by this test method so that the depentanized residuecan be analyzed and so the pentane and lighter hydrocarbonscan be analyzed by other methods, if desired.4.2 Under the conditions specified in the test method someC5and lighter hydr

8、ocarbons remain in the bottoms, and someC6and heavier hydrocarbons carry over to the overhead.Expressed as volume percent of charge, the amounts aretypically 2 % or less, which is considered adequate for thepurpose designated under Scope. It should be recognized,however, that when expressed as volum

9、e percent of overheador of bottoms the percentages can be higher, making this testmethod unsuitable for any purposes not designated underScope.5. Apparatus5.1 Depentanization Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, consist-ing of the following parts:5.1.1 Distillation Column,5.1.2 Reflux Condenser Head,5.1.3

10、 Light-Ends Trap,5.1.4 Receiver, graduated, 12.5 mL, and5.1.5 Thermometer,3,410 to 79C (50 to 175F).5.2 Column PackingTwo types are required:5.2.1 Heli-Pak Column Packing,4,51.27 by 2.54 by 2.54mm (Size B, 0.050 by 0.100 by 0.100 in.).5.2.2 Heli-Pak Column Packing,4,5Size C, 4.4 by 4.4 m(0.090 by 0.

11、175 by 0.175 in.), or Cannon Protruded MetalPacking,4,64.0 by 4.0 mm (0.16 by 0.16 in.).5.3 Distillation Flask, round-bottom, 100 mL, with2440standard-taper female joint.5.4 Distillation Flask Heating Mantle, Glas-Col, spherical,for 100-mL flask.5.5 Variable Transformer, for regulating power to heat

12、ingmantle.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous

13、 edition approved in D 200192(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of suppl

14、y of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Thermometer No. ME510-1 available from Metro Scientific Inc., 11 Willow ParkCenter, East Farmingdale, NY 11735.4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will re

15、ceive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Reliance Glass Works Inc., Gateway Rd., PO Box 825, Bensenville, IL 60106.6The sole source of supply of the apparat

16、us known to the committee at this timeis Cannon protruded metal packing available from Scientific Development Co., Box795, State College, PA.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942

17、8-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 11 21:56:37 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.5.6 Water Cooling BathIf a supply of chilled water for thereflux condenser is not available, a sati

18、sfactory means forsupplying chilled water can be provided by circulating tapwater through coiled copper tubing immersed in an ice-waterbath.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Fill the fractionating column with packing as follows:Place about 25 mm (1 in.) of the Heli-Pak column packing, sizeC or the Cann

19、on packing on the indentations at the bottom ofthe column. This packing assures ample free space to preventflooding at the bottom of the column. Fill the column to within25 mm (1 in.) of the top of the jacket with Heli-Pak columnpacking, size B. (The performance of this packing is notsensitive to th

20、e exact manner of pouring into the column.)6.2 Assemble and connect the column, head, light-ends trap,and the receiver. Mount the assembly on a suitable support.6.3 Insert the thermometer through the side-arm at the top ofthe column.NOTE 1The calibration of the thermometer at the cut temperatureshou

21、ld be checked by refluxing a pure compound. Such a calibration canshow a need for a correction.6.4 Immerse the receiver in a Dewar flask containing amixture of solid carbon dioxide (WarningExtremely cold.)in a suitable liquid. 1,1,2 Trichloro Ethene is recommended.(WarningHealth hazard.)6.5 Circulat

22、e water, chilled to a temperature between 4 and10C (40 and 50F), through the reflux condenser.7. Procedure7.1 Lubricate the joint at the bottom of the column with ahydrocarbon-insoluble grease, such as silicone, starch-glycerol, or metallic soap. Place the heating mantle around theflask. With a 50-m

23、L graduated cylinder, measure 50 mL of thesample. Determine its temperature, and transfer it to the flask.Connect the flask immediately to the column.7.2 Connect the mantle, through the variable transformer, tothe power supply.7.3 Apply heat to the contents of the flask at a uniform rate.NOTE 2With

24、the apparatus prepared as described in Section 6,asetting of 30 on the transformer usually provides a satisfactory initialheating rate; voltage is increased as required.7.4 As soon as drops of liquid reflux form at the columnhead, adjust the position of the condenser so that one drip-tipfeeds to the

25、 take-off line, and the other back to the (WarningExtremely flammable liquid.) column. The reflux condenserremains in this position throughout the distillation to provideabout a 1 + 1 reflux ratio.NOTE 3Low-boiling light ends will condense on the light-ends trapand collect in the receiver before dro

26、ps of liquid reflux form at the columnhead.FIG. 1 Depentanization ApparatusD2001072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 11 21:56:37 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.7.5 The distillation rate should not e

27、xceed 30 to 40 drops/30s from each tip of the reflux condenser.7.6 Continue the distillation until the thermometer indicatesa temperature of 49C (120F). When this temperature isreached, shut off the heat and drop the lower portion of theheating mantle. Turn the reflux condenser so that drops frombot

28、h drippers are returned to the column. Direct a stream of airon the top surface of the flask. Perform the above steps in rapidsuccession.7.7 Allow the column to drain and the contents of the flaskto cool for 30 min.7.8 Remove the flask from the column, and carefullytransfer the contents to the same

29、graduated cylinder which wasused to measure the charge. Measure the volume of the bottomsfraction and determine its temperature.8. Calculation8.1 If the temperatures of the distillation charge and bottomsdiffer by more than 11C (20F), correct the measured volumesto volumes at 15C (60F) by Guide D 12

30、50.8.2 Calculate the volume of bottoms in percent as follows:Volume of bottoms, percent 5 A/B! 3 100 (1)where:A = volume of bottoms, mL andB = volume of the charge, mL.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % confidence) (Note 4):9.

31、1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed 2 volume % only in one case in twenty.9.

32、1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed 4 volume % only in one case in twenty.9.2 Bia

33、sThe quantities determined are defined by theconditions used in this empirical test method, and a statementof bias is therefore not appropriate.NOTE 4Precision data are based on results obtained by five laborato-ries testing four samples in duplicate. The samples contained C5-and-lighter fractions c

34、overing a range of 5 to 25 volume %.10. Keywords10.1 depentanization; fractionations; hydrocarbon types;pentanesSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 200192(2002) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Remo

35、ved references to Test Method D 1319.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ri

36、skof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of th

37、is standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake

38、 your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by

39、 contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D2001073Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 11 21:56:37 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.