ASTM D2000-2018 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications.pdf

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1、Designation: D2000 12 (Reapproved 2017)D2000 18 Approved bySociety of Automotive EngineersSAE Recommended Practice J200Standard Classification System forRubber Products in Automotive Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2000; the number immediately following the designat

2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by age

3、ncies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification system covers the properties of vulcanized rubber materials (natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, syntheticrubbers, alone or in combination) that are intended for, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotive applicati

4、ons.NOTE 1This classification system may serve many of the needs of other industries in much the same manner as SAE numbered steels. It must beremembered, however, that this system is subject to revision when required by automotive needs. It is recommended that the latest revision always beused.1.2

5、This classification system is based on the premise that the properties of all rubber products can be arranged intocharacteristic material designations. These designations are determined by types, based on resistance to heat aging, and classes,based on resistance to swelling in oil. Basic levels are

6、thus established which, together with values describing additionalrequirements, permit complete description of the quality of all elastomeric materials.1.3 In all cases where the provisions of this classification system would conflict with those of the detailed specifications for aparticular product

7、, the latter shall take precedence.NOTE 2When the rubber product is to be used for purposes where the requirements are too specific to be completely prescribed by this classificationsystem, it is necessary for the purchaser to consult the supplier in advance, to establish the appropriate properties,

8、 test methods, and specification testlimits.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inter

9、national Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD

10、429 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Rigid SubstratesD430 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationDynamic FatigueD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD624 Test Method

11、for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)D925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Surfaces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion)D945 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Comp

12、ression or Shear (Mechanical Oscillograph)D1053 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStiffening at Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics1 This classification system is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Sub

13、committeeD11.30 on Classification of Rubber Compounds.Current edition approved May 1, 2017June 1, 2018. Published July 2017July 2018. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 asD2000 12.D2000 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D2000-12R17.10.1520/D2000-18.2 For referenced ASTM st

14、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of a

15、n ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publi

16、shed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1171 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSur

17、face Ozone Cracking Outdoors (Triangular Specimens)D1329 Test Method for Evaluating Rubber PropertyRetraction at Lower Temperatures (TR Test)D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for TestingD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlene

18、ss Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from ProductsD5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, ASTM No. 3Oils, an

19、d IRM 905 formerly ASTM No. 5 Oil2.2 SAE Standard:3SAE J2979 Test Method for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer Determination of Compressive Stress Relaxation(CSR) Response3. Purpose3.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide guidance to the engineer in the selection of pr

20、actical, commerciallyavailable rubber materials, and further to provide a method for specifying these materials by the use of a simple “line call-out”designation.3.2 This classification system was developed to permit the addition of descriptive values for future rubber materials withoutcomplete reor

21、ganization of the classification system and to facilitate the incorporation of future new test methods to keep pace withchanging industry requirements.4. Type and Class4.1 The prefix letter “M” shall be used to indicate that the classification system is based on SI units.NOTE 3Call outs not prefixed

22、 by the letter M refer to an earlier classification system based on inch-pound units. This was published in editions upto 1980.4.2 Rubber materials shall be designated on the basis of type (heat resistance) and class (oil resistance). Type and class areindicated by letter designations as shown in Ta

23、ble 1 and Table 2 and illustrated in 9.1.3 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.TABLE 1 Basic Requirements for Establishing Type byTemperatureType Test Temperature, CA 70B 100C 125D 150E 175F 200G 225H 250J 275K 300TABLE 2 Basic Requir

24、ements for Establishing Class by VolumeSwellClass Volume Swell, max, %A no requirementB 140C 120D 100E 80F 60G 40H 30J 20K 10D2000 1824.3 Type is based on changes in tensile strength of not more than 630 %, elongation of not more than 50 %, and hardnessof not more than 615 points after heat aging fo

25、r 70 h at an appropriate temperature. The temperatures at which these materialsshall be tested for determining type are listed in Table 1.4.4 Class is based on the resistance of the material to swelling in IRM 903 Oil (most tables were originally developed usingASTM Oil No. 3) after 70-h immersion a

26、t a temperature determined from Table 1, except that a maximum temperature of 150C(the upper limit of oil stability) shall be used. Limits of swelling for each class are shown in Table 2.4.4.1 ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils have been replaced by IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils, respectively, under Pra

27、cticeD5964. These oils are similar but not identical to ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils.4.4.2 Substitutability of IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils for ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils has not been established, as theirswelling characteristics are different and may affect compound classification.NOTE 4T

28、he selection of type based on heat resistance is understood to be indicative of the inherent heat resistance that can be normally expectedfrom commercial compositions. Likewise, choice of class is based on the range of volume swell normally expected from such commercial compositionsas established by

29、 type. The fact that a type and class of material is listed in Table 6, under Basic Requirements, indicates that materials that meet theserequirements for heat and oil resistance are commercially available.TABLE 3 Meaning of Suffix LettersSuffix Letter Test RequiredA Heat ResistanceB Compression Set

30、C Ozone or Weather ResistanceD Compression-Deflection ResistanceEA Fluid Resistance (Aqueous)EF Fluid Resistance (Fuels)EO Fluid Resistance (Oils and Lubricants)F Low-Temperature ResistanceG Tear ResistanceH Flex ResistanceJ Abrasion ResistanceK AdhesionM Flammability ResistanceN Impact ResistanceP

31、Staining ResistanceR ResilienceSR Compressive Stress RelaxationZ Any special requirement, which shall be specified in detailTABLE 4 Suffix Numbers to Indicate Temperature of TestApplicable Suffix Requirements Second SuffixNumberTestTemperature,CAA, B, C, EA, EF, EO, G, 11 275K 10 2509 2258 2007 1756

32、 1505 1254 1003 702 381 230 BF 1 232 03 104 185 256 357 408 509 5510 6511 7512 80A These test temperatures are based on Practice D1349.B Ambient temperature in the case of outdoor testing.D2000 1834.5 The letter designations shall always be followed by a three-digit number to specify the hardness an

33、d the tensile strengthforexample, 505. The first digit indicates durometer hardness, Type A, for example, 5 for 50 6 5, 6 for 60 6 5. The next two digitsindicate the minimum tensile strengthfor example, 05 for 5 MPa, 14 for 14 MPa. Correlation of available materials for desiredhardness and tensile s

34、trength is obtained through the elongation values in Table 6. See 7.2.5. Grade Numbers, Suffix Letters, and Number5.1 Grade NumbersSince the basic requirements do not always describe sufficiently all the necessary qualities, provision ismade for deviation or adding requirements through a system of p

35、refix grade numbers. Grade No. 1 indicates that only the basicrequirements are compulsory, and no suffix requirements are permitted. Grades other than No. 1 are used for expressing deviationor additional requirements and are listed as “Available Suffix Grade Numbers” in the last column under Basic R

36、equirements inTable 6. A grade number is written as a material prefix number preceding the letters for type and class (see 9.1). Grade No. 1 isalways an available suffix grade number, and thus is not referenced in the last column of each basic requirement table.5.2 Suffx LettersThe suffix letters th

37、at may be used, together with their meaning, appear in Table 3.5.3 Suffx NumbersEach suffix letter should preferably be followed by two suffix numbers (see Note 6 in 8.1). The first suffxnumber always indicates the test method; time of test is part of the method and is taken from the listings in Tab

38、le 5. The secondsuffx number, if used, always indicates the temperature of test and is taken from Table 4. Where three-digit numbers are required,they are separated by a dashfor example: 10; B410; F111.6. Composition and Manufacture6.1 This classification system is predicated upon materials furnishe

39、d under a specification based thereon being manufacturedfrom natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber, alone or in combination, together with added compounding ingredients ofsuch nature and quantity as to produce vulcanizates that comply with the specified requirements. All materials and w

40、orkmanshipshall be in accordance with good commercial practice, and the resulting product shall be free of porous areas, weak sections,bubbles, foreign matter, or other defects affecting serviceability.6.2 ColorWith the exception of FC, FE, FK, and GE materials, the values in the material tables are

41、 based on black compoundsand comparable values may not be available in color.7. Basic Requirements7.1 The basic requirements for physical properties specified in Table 64 are based on values obtained from standard laboratorytest specimens prepared and tested in accordance with the applicable ASTM te

42、st methods. Test results from specimens preparedfrom finished products may not duplicate values obtained from standard test specimens.NOTE 5When standard test specimens are cut from finished parts in accordance with Practice D3183, a deviation to the extent of 10 % (on tensilestrength and elongation

43、 values only) is permissible when agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. This deviation is permissible only because ofthe recognized effects of knitting, grain, and buffing on the material when test specimens are prepared from finished parts and tested for tensile strengthand elongation. Whe

44、n differences due to the method of processing or to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from the finished part arise,the purchaser and the supplier may agree on acceptable deviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard test specimens with those obtainedon actual parts.

45、7.2 The available materials are listed in the appropriate material section of the table, giving each hardness and tensile strengthwith its appropriate elongation value. Also, there is a repetition of the values for the basic heat and oil aging requirements for thematerial resulting from the assignme

46、nt of type and class. In addition, values for compression set, normally a basic requirement toensure proper vulcanization, are specified.7.3 Unless a suffix requirement is used to override an existing basic requirement, the basic requirement applies.8. Suffix Requirements8.1 Suffix requirements shal

47、l be specified only as needed to define qualities necessary to meet service requirements. These suffixrequirements are set forth for the various grade numbers. Suffix letters and suffix numbers describing these suffix requirements maybe used singly or in combination, but not all suffx values availab

48、le for a given material need be specified.NOTE 6Examples of the use of suffix letters and numbers would be A14 and EO34. Suffix A (Table 3) stands for heat resistance, Suffix 1 (Table 5)specifies that the test be run in accordance with Test Method D573 for 70 h, and Suffix 4 (Table 4) indicates the

49、temperature of test as 100C. Similarly,Suffix EO34 indicates resistance in IRM 903 Oil in accordance with Test Method D471 for 70 h at 100C.8.1.1 Suffx Letters “F” and “SR”Additions have been made to Table 3 and Table 5 for Suffix “F” and “SR”. SAE J200convention requires available suffixes to be designated in the Table 6 “SUPPLEMENTARY(SUFFIX) REQUIREMENTS” sectionfor each type and class of materials. J200 also requires round robin testing to verify requirements. Recent additions to “F” in Table5, or the addition of “S