ASTM D149-1997a(2004) Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies《固体电绝缘材料.pdf
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1、Designation: D 149 97a (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength ofSolid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial PowerFrequencies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 149; the number immediately f
2、ollowing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been a
3、pproved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-tion of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials atcommercial power frequencies, under specified conditions.2,31.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be made at
4、 60Hz. However, this test method may be used at any frequencyfrom 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz, dielectricheating may be a problem.1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunctionwith any ASTM standard or other document that refers to thistest method. References to this docume
5、nt should specify theparticular options to be used (see 5.5).1.4 It may be used at various temperatures, and in anysuitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring thedielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the condi-tions of test.1.6 Thi
6、s test method is not intended for use in determiningintrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength,or thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test MethodD 3151).1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determinethe dielectric breakdown voltage through the thickness of a
7、testspecimen (puncture). It may also be used to determine dielec-tric breakdown voltage along the interface between a solidspecimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium (flash-over). With the addition of instructions modifying Section 12,this test method may be used for proof testing.1.8 This
8、test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-1. Allprocedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differ-ences between this method and IEC 243-1 are largely editorial.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
9、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7. Also see 6.4.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D 374 Test Methods for Thickness
10、 of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 2413 Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper andBoard Impregnate
11、d with a Liquid DielectricD 3151 Test Method for Thermal Failure of Solid ElectricalInsulating Materials Under Electric StressD 3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used inElectrical ApparatusD 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Electrical Insulation2.2 IEC Standar
12、d:Pub. 243-1 Methods of Test for Electrical Strength of SolidInsulating MaterialsPart 1: Tests at Power Frequencies51This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.12 on Electrical
13、Tests.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 149 97a.2Bartnikas, R., Chapter 3, “High Voltage Measurements,” Electrical Propertiesof Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement Techniques, Vol. IIB, Engineerin
14、gDielectrics, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987.3Nelson, J. K., Chapter 5, “Dielectric Breakdown of Solids,” ElectricalProperties of Solid Insulating Materials: Molecular Structure and ElectricalBehavior, Vol. IIA, Engineering Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas and R. M. Eichorn,Ed
15、itors, ASTM STP 783, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1983.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from
16、 the International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Swit-zerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 ANSI Standard:C68.1 Techniques for Dielectric Tests, IEEE Standard No.463. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 diel
17、ectric breakdown voltage (electric breakdownvoltage), nthe potential difference at which dielectric failureoccurs under prescribed conditions in an electrical insulatingmaterial located between two electrodes. (See also AppendixX1.)3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term dielectric breakdown voltageis sometimes
18、shortened to “breakdown voltage.”3.1.2 dielectric failure (under test), nan event that isevidenced by an increase in conductance in the dielectric undertest limiting the electric field that can be sustained.3.1.3 dielectric strength, nthe voltage gradient at whichdielectric failure of the insulating
19、 material occurs under spe-cific conditions of test.3.1.4 electric strength, nsee dielectric strength.3.1.4.1 DiscussionInternationally, “electric strength” isused almost universally.3.1.5 flashover, na disruptive electrical discharge at thesurface of electrical insulation or in the surrounding medi
20、um,which may or may not cause permanent damage to theinsulation.3.1.6 For definitions of other terms relating to solid insulat-ing materials, refer to Terminology D 1711.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Alternating voltage at a commercial power frequency(60 Hz, unless otherwise specified) is applied to
21、a testspecimen. The voltage is increased from zero or from a levelwell below the breakdown voltage, in one of three prescribedmethods of voltage application, until dielectric failure of thetest specimen occurs.4.2 Most commonly, the test voltage is applied using simpletest electrodes on opposite fac
22、es of specimens. The specimensmay be molded or cast, or cut from flat sheet or plate. Otherelectrode and specimen configurations may be used to accom-modate the geometry of the sample material, or to simulate aspecific application for which the material is being evaluated.5. Significance and Use5.1
23、The dielectric strength of an electrical insulating mate-rial is a property of interest for any application where anelectrical field will be present. In many cases the dielectricstrength of a material will be the determining factor in thedesign of the apparatus in which it is to be used.5.2 Tests ma
24、de as specified herein may be used to providepart of the information needed for determining suitability of amaterial for a given application; and also, for detecting changesor deviations from normal characteristics resulting from pro-cessing variables, aging conditions, or other manufacturing orenvi
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