ASTM D1481-2012 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer《用利普金双毛细管比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D1481-2012 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer《用利普金双毛细管比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D1481-2012 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer《用利普金双毛细管比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D1481 12Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of ViscousMaterials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof oils more viscous than 1
3、5 cSt at 20C (mm2/s), and ofviscous oils and melted waxes at elevated temperatures, but notat temperatures at which the sample would have a vaporpressure of 100 mm Hg (13 kPa) or above.NOTE 1To determine the densities of less viscous liquids at 20 or25C use Test Method D1217.1.2 This test method pro
4、vides a calculation procedure forconverting density to relative density (specific gravity).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and cor
5、rosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or me
6、rcury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
7、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-cific Gravity)
8、of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density, nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature. D40523.1.2 relative
9、density (specific gravity), nthe ratio of thedensity of a material at a stated temperature to the density ofwater at a stated temperature. D40524. Summary of Test Method34.1 The liquid is drawn into the bicapillary pycnometerthrough the removable siphon arm and adjusted to volume atthe temperature o
10、f test, in such a manner that there ispractically no drainage in the unfilled tubing. After equilibra-tion at the test temperature, liquid levels are read, and thepycnometer is removed from the thermostated bath, cooled toroom temperature, and weighed.4.2 Density or relative density (specific gravit
11、y), as desired,is then calculated from the volume at the test temperature andthe weight of the sample. The effect of air buoyancy is includedin the calculations.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of S
12、ubcommitteeD02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D148102(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D1481-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
13、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For a more complete discussion of this procedure, see Lipkin, M. R., Mills, I.W., Martin, C. C., and Harvey, W. T., Analytical Chemistry
14、, ANCHA, Vol 21, 1949,p. 504.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in con
15、junction with other properties to characterize boththe light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to access thequality of crude oils.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to volumes at the standard tempera
16、tures of15C.5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-tures of 40 and 100C is particularly useful in providing thedata needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities incentistokes (mm2/s) to the corresponding dynamic viscositiesin centipoises (mPas).6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer4As
17、ide-arm type of pycnometer conform-ing to the dimensions given in Fig. 1 and made of borosilicateglass. The weight shall not exceed 35 g without the side arm.6.2 RackA rack to use in filling the pycnometer (see Fig.2).6.3 Constant-Temperature OvenAn oven for use in fillingthe pycnometer. Any oven ca
18、pable of holding the filling rack,and of maintaining a temperature of approximately 100C, canbe used.6.4 Constant-Temperature BathA mixture of water andglycerin, or oil bath having a depth of at least 305 mm (12 in.)and provided with heating, stirring, and thermostating devicesadequate to maintain d
19、esired temperatures in the range from 20to 100C with an accuracy of 60.01C.6.5 Bath ThermometersThermometers graduated in 0.1Csubdivisions and standardized for the range of use to thenearest 0.01C (ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers 17Cto 22C are recommended). For most hydrocarbons, the densitycoef
20、ficient is about 0.0008 units/C, and therefore a tempera-ture error of 60.013C would cause an error of 60.000 01 indensity.6.6 Pycnometer HolderA holder, as shown in Fig. 3,isrecommended for supporting the pycnometer in the bath. Asingle clamp device may be used.6.7 BalanceAbalance able to reproduce
21、 weighings within0.1 mg when carrying a load of 35 g or less on each pan. Thebalance shall be located in a room shielded from drafts andfumes and in which the temperature changes between relatedweighings (empty and filled pycnometer) do not cause asignificant change in the ratio of the balance arms.
22、 Otherwise,weighings shall be made by the substitution method in whichthe calibrated weights and pycnometer are alternativelyweighed on the same balance pan. The same balance shall beused for all related weighings.6.8 WeightsWeights shall be used whose relative valuesare known to the nearest 0.05 mg
23、 or better. The same set ofweights shall be used for the calibration of the pycnometer andthe determination of the densities, or the sets of weights shallbe calibrated relative to each other.4The sole source of supply of the pycnometers known to the committee at thistime is Reliance Glass Co., 220 G
24、ateway Rd., Bensenville, IL 60106-0825 havebeen found satisfactory. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.F
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