ASTM D1480-2002e1 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer《用宾汉比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D1480-2002e1 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer《用宾汉比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D1480-2002e1 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer《用宾汉比重计测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 1480 02e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of ViscousMaterials by Bingham Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEOriginal footnote 4 was deleted editorially in June 2006, since the
3、re is no longer a sole supplier of the pycnometer.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes two procedures for themeasurement of the density of materials which are fluid at thedesired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquidsof vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscositiesbe
4、low 40 000 cSt (mm2/s) at the test temperature. The methodis designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100C.It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case theprecision section does not apply.NOTE 1For the determination of density of materials which are fluidat normal temperatu
5、res, see Test Method D 1217.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forconverting density to specific gravity.1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to beregarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
6、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements see Note 1 and Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1217 Te
7、st Method for Density and Relative Density(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 densitythe weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) ofa unit volume of the material at any given temperature.3.1.2 rela
8、tive density (specific gravity)the ratio of themass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of material at atemperature, t1, to the mass of an equal volume of water at areference temperature, t2; or it is the ratio of the density of thematerial at t1to the density of water at t2. When the referencete
9、mperature is 4C (the temperature at which the relativedensity of water is unity), relative density (specific gravity) anddensity are numerically equal.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. Thedensity or
10、specific gravity is then calculated from this weightand the previously determined calibration factor, and a correc-tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.5. Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize bothth
11、e light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess thequality of crude oils.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of15C.5.3 The determination of densities at the
12、 elevated tempera-tures of 40 and 100C is particularly useful in providing thedata needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities incentistokes (mm2/s) to the corresponding dynamic viscositiesin centipoises (mPas).6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer, Bingham-type of 10-mL capacity (asshown in Fig. 1), co
13、nstructed of heat-resistant3glass.NOTE 2Pycnometers having capacities of 2 to 25 mLare available buthave not been cooperatively evaluated.6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath, provided with suitable py-cnometer holders and means for maintaining temperatures1This test method is under the jurisdiction of AST
14、M Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 148093(1997).2For ref
15、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.1Cop
16、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.constant to 60.01C in the desired range. Water-glycerinmixtures can be used for temperatures up to 100C.6.3 Bath Thermometer, graduated in 0.1C subdivisions andstandardized for the range of
17、 use to the nearest 0.01C (ASTMSaybolt Viscosity Thermometers 17C to 22C, conforming tothe requirements in Specification E1, are recommended). Formost hydrocarbons the density coefficient is about 0.0008units/C, and therefore an error of 60.013C would cause anerror of 60.00001 in density.6.4 Thermal
18、 Shields, as shown in Fig. 2, to hold thepycnometer and syringe during the filling procedure, con-structed of two aluminum shells with suitably spaced viewingports, the upper bored to hold a 30-mLhypodermic syringe andthe lower bored to hold a 25-mL Bingham pycnometer. Awinding of No. 26 Chromel “A”
19、 wire, insulated from theshields with mica, covered with insulating tape, and havingresistances connected in series of 25 V on the upper shield and35 V on the lower produces controlled heat to the shields bymeans of a variable transformer.Astand is necessary to supportthe shields in such a manner th
20、at the center of the wells may bealigned, and the upper shield raised 180 to 200 mm and swungthrough 45.6.5 Hypodermic Syringes, 2 to 30-mL capacity, of chemi-cally resistant glass, equipped with a 170-mm, 16-gage (0.065in.) filling needle made from stainless-steel tubing, as shown inFig. 3.6.6 Draw
21、-off Needle, made of stainless-steel tubing, asshown in Fig. 3.6.7 Solvent Cleaning Assembly, as shown in Fig. 4.6.8 Chromic Acid Cleaning Apparatus, similar to thatshown in Fig. 5.6.9 Balance, capable of reproducing weighings within 0.1mg when carrying a load of 30 g. The balance shall be locatedin
22、 a room shielded from drafts and fumes and in which thetemperature changes between related weighings (empty andfilled pycnometer) do not cause a significant change in the ratioof the balance arms. The same balance shall be used for allrelated weighings.6.10 Weights, whose relative values are known t
23、o thenearest 0.05 mg or better. Use the same set of weights for thecalibration of the pycnometer and the determination of densi-ties.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Acetone(WarningExtremely flammable. Use ad-equate ventilation.)7.2 Isopentane(WarningExtremely flammable. Avoidbuild up of vapors and remo
24、ve all sources of ignition, espe-cially non-explosion proof electrical apparatus.)7.3 Chromic Acid (Potassium Dichromate/Conc. SulfuricAcid)(WarningCauses severe burns. A recognized car-cinogen. Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing.)FIG. 1 Bingham-Type PycnometerMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm in
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
10000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTMD14802002E1STANDARDTESTMETHODFORDENSITYANDRELATIVEDENSITYSPECIFICGRAVITYOFVISCOUSMATERIALSBYBINGHAMPYCNOMETER

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-509867.html