ASTM D1265-2005 Standard Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (Manual Method)《液化石油(LP)气取样的标准实施规程(手工法)》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 1265 05An American National StandardStandard Practice forSampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi

2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures forobtaining a representative sample of specification

3、LiquefiedPetroleum Gas (LPG), such as specified in SpecificationD 1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards.1.2 This practice is suitable for obtaining representativesamples for all routine tests for LP gases required by Specifi-cation D 1835. In the event of a dispute involving samplei

4、ntegrity when sampling for testing against SpecificationD 1835 requirements, Practice D 3700 shall be used as thereferee sampling procedure.1.3 This practice may also be used for other Natural GasLiquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (NGLmix, field butane, etc.), defined in other indu

5、stry specificationsor contractual agreements. It is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities ofundissolved gases (N2,CO2), free water or other separatedphases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures andrelated materials. The same equipment can be used

6、for thesepurposes, but additional precautions are generally needed toobtain representative samples of multiphase products (seeAppendix X1 on Sampling Guidelines in Practice D 3700).NOTE 1Practice D 3700 describes a recommended practice for ob-taining a representative sample of a light hydrocarbon fl

7、uid and thesubsequent preparation of that sample for laboratory analysis whendissolved gases are present. Use of Practice D 1265 will result in a smallbut predictable low bias for dissolved gases due to the liquid ventingprocedure to establish the 20 % minimum ullage.1.4 This practice includes recom

8、mendations for the locationof a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility ofthe user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as toobtain a representative sample.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for infor

9、mationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. R

10、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD 3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston Cylinder2.2 Other Regulations:Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations3GPA 2140 Gas Processors Association Liquefied Petroleu

11、mGas Specifications otherwise, determinations of mercaptans and hydro-gen sulfide, for example, can be misleading. Internal surfaces of samplecontainers and associated lines and fittings may be surface coated toreduce bare metal surfaces reacting with trace reactive components.FIG. 1 Typical Sample

12、Container and Sampling ConnectionsD12650526.1.6 Hydrocarbon vapors vented during sampling must becontrolled to ensure compliance with applicable safety andenvironmental regulations.7. Apparatus7.1 Sample ContainerUse corrosion resistant metalsample containers certified by the authority having jurisd

13、ictionfor pressure vessels with adequate pressure rating for theproduct being sampled. Suitable materials include stainlesssteel, Monel, and possibly other materials. The size of thecontainer depends upon the amount of sample required for thelaboratory tests to be made. If the container is to be tra

14、nsported,it must also conform to specifications published in transporta-tion legislation such as U.S. CFR 49 or Canadian Transporta-tion of Dangerous Goods Regulations, and their supplements,reissues, or similar regulations in other jurisdictions.7.1.1 The sample container should be fitted with an i

15、nternaloutage (ullage) tube to permit release of a minimum 20 % ofthe container capacity as a liquid. The end of the containerfitted with the outage (ullage) tube shall be clearly marked.Typical sample containers are shown in Figs. 1 and 2.7.1.2 Sample containers without an internal outage (ullage)t

16、ubes are acceptable. Alternative purging and venting proce-dures to obtain a minimum 20 % ullage in the container, asdescribed in 11.2.1, are required.NOTE 3It has been common practice to refer to LPG sample contain-ers as “sample bombs.” Use of this term is discouraged because of obviousmisundersta

17、nding by many people. Alternate names such as “pressurizedsample containers” or “high pressure sample cylinders” are preferred.7.2 Sample Transfer Line made of stainless steel tubing orother flexible metal hose, impervious to the product beingsampled, is required. The most satisfactory line is one e

18、quippedwith two valves on the sample-container end, Fig. 1,asampling valve, A, and a vent valve, B.PROCEDURE8. Purging Sample Transfer Line8.1 Connect the ends of the sample transfer line securely tothe product source and to Valve C (inlet) (Fig. 1)ofthecontainer. Close Valve A (sampling), Valve B (

19、vent), and ValveFIG. 2 Typical Sample Container and Alternate Purging ConnectionsD1265053C (inlet). Open the valve at the product source and purge thetransfer line by opening Valve A (sampling) and Valve B (vent).9. Purging the Sample Container9.1 If the history of the sample container contents is n

20、otknown, or if traces of the previous product could affect theanalysis to be carried out, or both, use one of the following twopurge procedures:9.1.1 Ensure that Valve C (Fig. 2) and Valve D on the highpressure sample cylinder are closed. Connect a sample transferline (with closed Valves A and B) to

21、 the cylinder at Valve D andto the sample source. Maintain the cylinder in an uprightposition such that Valve C is at the top.9.1.2 Fill sample container by opening Valve A followed byValve C and Valve D until liquid issues from Valve C. At thattime, close Valve C, followed by Valve D and Valve A on

22、 thesample transfer line. Vent the sample transfer line by brieflyopening Valve B.9.1.3 Loosen the connection joining the sample container tothe sample line and turn container through 180 such that ValveD is at the top. Open Valves C and D and drain out liquid.9.1.4 Return the sample container to po

23、sition Valve C at thetop. Tighten connection to sample transfer line and repeat thepurging operation at least three times.9.2 In a flowing system or a suitable sample loop, thesample cylinder may be flushed online by connecting thedip-tube end of the cylinder to the higher pressure point, andthe oth

24、er end back to the lower pressure point. Keep thecylinder upright with the dip tube end down to maintain liquidfilled during flushing. Flush the cylinder with at least 10 timesthe cylinder volume in a time of less than 5 min to ensure asufficient flow velocity to obtain turbulent mixing and flushing

25、of the ullage volume area by using the dip tube as a venturimixer. The sample line shall be equipped with a suitable flowindicator to ensure an adequate flow rate throughout theflushing period.9.2.1 This procedure is particularly applicable in areaswhere excessive venting of LPG to the atmosphere is

26、 notallowed.9.3 If the history of the sample container contents is knownand would not affect the analysis, use the following purgeprocedure:9.3.1 With the container in an upright position, Fig. 1, andits Valve D (outlet) at the top, close Valve B (vent) and ValveC (inlet) and open Valve A (sampling)

27、. Open Valve C (inlet)and partly fill the container with sample by slowly opening theValve D (outlet). Close the Valve A (sampling) and allow partof the sample to escape in the vapor phase through Valve D(outlet). Close Valve D (outlet) and release the remainder of thesample in the liquid phase by o

28、pening Valve B (vent). Repeatthe purging operation at least three times.10. Transfer of Sample10.1 Position the sample container securely in an uprightposition with Valve D (outlet) at the top (Fig. 1) and bothValves C and D closed.10.1.1 Close Valve B (vent), open Valve A (sampling), openValve C (i

29、nlet), and fill container with the sample. Close ValveC (inlet) and the valve at the product source. Open Valve B(vent). After the pressure is fully reduced, disconnect samplecontainer from the transfer line. Discard the sample if a leakdevelops or if either valve is opened during subsequenthandling

30、 of the sample container before performing the outage(ullage) operations outlined in Section 11.11. Sample Outage (Ullage)11.1 Immediately after obtaining the sample, place thecontainer in an upright position with the outage (ullage) tube atthe top.11.1.1 Open Valve D (outlet) slightly.Allow excess

31、liquid toescape and close the valve at the first sign of vapor, as indicatedby the first “sputtering” and change in flow behavior of thevented liquid. If no liquid escapes, discard the sample and refillthe container.NOTE 4The cylinder must not be stored/transported beyond 80 % ofits capacity with sa

32、mple. Liquid sample must be vented out to the required“reduced fill density” (typically 80 % or less) prior to transport. Whereimmediate venting is not possible, for example inside hazardous locationsor with toxic materials (especially H2S), provisions shall be made toprevent temperature increase pr

33、ior to venting in a safe location, transfer toa larger cylinder or immediate analysis or other disposition in accordancewith the authority having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user toestablish safe procedures for use in permitted facilities that are regulatedby site permits or equiva

34、lent, separate from transportation regulations.NOTE 5Improperly venting LPG vapor to establish the minimum20 % outage will result in large changes in composition of the remainingliquid due to fractional distillation. It is important that only liquid bevented from the cylinder, and that venting be st

35、opped at the first indicationof vapor. Use of proper liquid venting technique will result in only verysmall changes in composition to the remaining liquid which will not affectproduct specification results required for compliance with SpecificationD 1835.NOTE 6Extreme low temperature sampling. LPG h

36、as a larger coeffi-cient of thermal expansion than gasoline or distillate fuels. Sampling atextremely low ambient temperatures or from cryogenic sources mayrequire additional precautions to prevent sample cylinders from becomingliquid full (liquid locked, hydraulically locked) from warming the sampl

37、eto high ambient temperature.NOTE 7Consult authority having jurisdiction for LPG cylinder ullagerequirements for transport of LPG sample cylinders.11.2 For sampling containers without an internal ullagetube, the procedure in 11.2.1 can be used.11.2.1 One acceptable alternative procedure to use is we

38、igh-ing the sample container immediately after filling, and creatingthe ullage before analysis. The procedure is to completely fillthe sample container using slight overflow indication to ensurecomplete filling. Without warming the sample, immediatelyweigh the container plus sample on a balance, and

39、 record grossweight. Carefully drain off liquid from the bottom of thevertically oriented container in an environmentally-approvedmanner. Then weigh the vented container, and using the tareweight of the container, estimate the ullage of the sample in thecontainer. Repeat the venting and weighing pro

40、cedures toobtain 22 6 2 % ullage of the sample.12. Checking for Leaks12.1 After eliminating the excess liquid sample so that only80 % or less of the sample remains, immerse in a water bathand check the sample cylinder for leaks. If a leak is detected atany time during the sampling operation, discard

41、 the sample.D1265054Repair or replace the leaky container before obtaining anothersample. Alternate procedures such as use of soap/water leakdetection fluid, leak detection instruments or recording of totalcylinder weights may also be used to detect leaks.13. Care of Samples and Sample Containers13.

42、1 Place samples in a cool location as soon as possible.Keep them there until all tests have been completed. Discardany samples in containers which develop leaks. Protect thevalves on the sample container, either by packing the containerin a crate in an approved manner or by using a protective cap,so

43、 that accidental unseating of the valve or tampering with it isavoided.14. Keywords14.1 liquefied petroleum gases; LPG; samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.H0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 183504a) that may impact the use of this stand

44、ard.(1) Updated 7.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement

45、 of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo

46、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known

47、 to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D1265055