ASTM D1214-2010(2015)e1 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Glass Spheres《玻璃球筛析的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1214 10 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Glass Spheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTEAn editorial change was made in 6.1 in June 2015.1. Sco

3、pe1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of glassspheres used for retroreflective pavements markings and indus-trial uses.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address

4、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D346 Practice for

5、 Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlabora

6、tory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The spheres are hand-sieved through standard sieves,starting with the sieve with the largest opening specified andprogressing successively through the specified sieves in theorder of decreasing size of opening, and com

7、puting the weightof glass spheres and the percent passing each of the sieves.4. Significance and Use4.1 The size or gradation of glass spheres is one measurableaspect of performance as a retroreflective media. The functionof this test is to measure the size of glass spheres and todetermine complianc

8、e with applicable specifications.NOTE 1This method has been used in other industrial areas outsidethe intended scope of this test method.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance, sensitive to 50 mg.5.2 Sieves, 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter, conforming toSpecification E11, and including such sieves as may berequired by

9、the specifications for the glass spheres.5.3 Oven.6. Samples6.1 By quartering or riffle sampling (Note 2), select arepresentative sample from the material to be tested. Take atleast two representative samples of approximately 500 g eachfrom separate packages from each shipment in the ratio of twosam

10、ples for each 5000 kg (10 000 lb) or fraction thereof.Approximately 50 g (1.76 oz) of dry glass spheres are requiredfor each test. This specimen is also selected by quartering orriffling.NOTE 2The quartering procedure for reducing bulk samples, to obtainrepresentative test samples of suitable size,

11、is described and illustrated inPractice D346. Various types of riffle samplers are illustrated in PracticeD2013.7. Procedure7.1 Hand Sieving:7.1.1 Dry the specimen to substantially constant weight at atemperature of 105 to 110 C.7.1.2 Weigh 50 g of the dried glass spheres to the nearest 0.1g and pla

12、ce on the sieve with the largest opening in the seriesspecified for the test, which shall be thoroughly dry. Hold thesieve, with pan and cover attached, in one hand in a slightlyinclined position so that the specimen will be well distributedover the sieve, at the same time gently striking the side a

13、bout150 times per minute against the palm of the other hand on the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 20

14、15. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1214 10. DOI:10.1520/D1214-10R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform

15、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1upstroke. Turn the sieve every 25 strokes about one sixth of arevolution in the same direction. Continue the operat

16、ion untilnot more than 0.05 g passes through the sieve in 1 min ofcontinuous sieving. Each time, before weighing the materialpassing through the sieve, tap the side of the sieve with thebrush handle in order to remove any material adhering to thewire cloth.7.1.3 When the sieving has been finished, r

17、emove the coverof the sieve and carefully remove the residue remaining on thesieve to a tared container. Invert the sieve over a piece ofglazed white paper and clean the wire cloth by brushing theunderside. Add the material thus removed from the wire clothto the residue removed from the sieve.7.1.4

18、Weigh the portion of the specimen retained on thesieve to the nearest 0.1 g. Place the material passing throughthe largest sieve on the sieve with the next smaller opening forthe series selected for the sieve analysis. Continue sieving in asimilar manner, using successively each of the selected seri

19、esof sieves in the order of decreasing size of opening, andrecording the weight of that portion of the specimen retainedon each sieve.7.1.5 Washers, slugs, or shot shall not be used on the sieves.7.2 Machine Sieving:7.2.1 Mechanical sieving devices may be used but the glassspheres shall not be rejec

20、ted if they meet the specificationrequirements when tested by the hand-sieving method de-scribed in 7.1. When mechanical sieving devices are used, theirthoroughness of sieving shall be tested by using the handmethod for comparison.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the weight of material and the percent of

21、 thespecimen passing each of the sieves.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Results of the sieve analysis reported as the totalpercent passing each sieve, expressed to the nearest 0.5 %, and9.1.2 The method of sieving used.10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision of this test method

22、 is based on aninterlaboratory study of Test Method D1214 for Sieve Analysisof Glass Spheres conducted in 2008. Five laboratories partici-pated in this study. Each of the labs reported triplicate testresults for a single material. Every “test result” reportedrepresents an individual determination. E

23、xcept for the use ofdata from only a single laboratory, Practice E691 was followedfor the design and analysis of the data; the details are given inASTM Research Report RR:D01-1150.10.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffe

24、r by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.10.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-15.10.

25、1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment ind

26、ifferent laboratories.10.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1-15.10.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 10.1.2would normally have an approximate 95 % probability of

27、being correct, however the precision statistics obtained in thisILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities whichare applicable to all circumstances and uses. The limitednumber of laboratories reporting results guarantees that therewill be times when differences greater than predicted b

28、y theILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greater orsmaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit would imply.The reproducibility limit should be considered as a generalguide, and the associated probability of 95 % as only a roughindicator of what can be expected.10.2 BiasAt the t

29、ime of the study there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.10.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 209 results, from five laboratories, onone material. This mater

30、ial was described as the following:Material A: Glass Spheres in the size range correspondingto AASHTO M247 Type 1.11. Keywords11.1 glass spheres; sieve3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1150. ContactASTM Custome

31、rService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Sieve Size 30 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 1.8283 0.3237 0.9062 0.4583 1.2833D1214 10 (2015)12TABLE 2 Sieve Size 30 Average % Retained

32、MaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 4.4817 0.7052 1.9745 0.8630 2.4164TABLE 3 Sieve Size 30 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandard

33、DeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 96.2147 0.8853 2.4790 2.3174 6.4886TABLE 4 Sieve Size 40 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 10.5687 2.8727 8.0437 3.2377 9.0657TABLE 5 Sie

34、ve Size 40 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 27.5567 3.1359 8.7804 3.1359 8.7804TABLE 6 Sieve Size 40 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabili

35、tyLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 68.8580 3.5541 9.9516 3.5541 9.9516TABLE 7 Sieve Size 50 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 15.9527 4.6637 1

36、3.0583 4.6637 13.0583TABLE 8 Sieve Size 50 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 41.4873 1.2683 3.5512 1.9603 5.4887D1214 10 (2015)13TABLE 9 Sieve Size 50 Average % PassingMaterialAverage

37、%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 27.3707 3.3193 9.2939 3.3193 9.2939TABLE 10 Sieve Size 70 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDevi

38、aitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 8.0240 2.6517 7.4248 2.7416 7.6764TABLE 11 Sieve Size 70 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 20.5627 1.8967 5.3107 2.0650 5.7819TABLE 12 Sieve Size 70

39、Average % PassingMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 6.7733 1.6848 4.7176 1.6848 4.7176TABLE 13 Pan Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitRepro

40、ducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 2.6607 1.1086 3.1040 1.1086 3.1040TABLE 14 Pan Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 6.8073 1.5906 4.4537 1.5906 4.4537TABLE 15 Pan

41、 Average % PasisngMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityLimitxSrrSRRA 0.00 NA NA NA NAD1214 10 (2015)14ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite

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