ASTM D1214-2010 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Glass Spheres《玻璃球筛析用的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1214 10Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Glass Spheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of glassspheres used for retr

3、oreflective pavements markings and indus-trial uses.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi

4、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD2013 Practi

5、ce for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method

6、3.1 The spheres are hand-sieved through standard sieves,starting with the sieve with the largest opening specified andprogressing successively through the specified sieves in theorder of decreasing size of opening, and computing the weightof glass spheres and the percent passing each of the sieves.4

7、. Significance and Use4.1 The size or gradation of glass spheres is one measurableaspect of performance as a retroreflective media. The functionof this test is to measure the size of glass spheres and todetermine compliance with applicable specifications.NOTE 1This method has been used in other indu

8、strial areas outsidethe intended scope of this test method.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance, sensitive to 50 mg.5.2 Sieves, 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter, conforming toSpecification E11, and including such sieves as may berequired by the specifications for the glass spheres.5.3 Oven.6. Samples6.1 By quartering

9、or riffle sampling (Note 2), select arepresentative sample from the material to be tested. Take atleast two representative samples of approximately 500 g eachfrom separate packages from each shipment in the ratio of twosamples for each 5000 kg (10 000 lb) or fraction thereof.Approximately 50 g (0.02

10、 oz) of dry glass spheres are requiredfor each test. This specimen is also selected by quartering orriffling.NOTE 2The quartering procedure for reducing bulk samples, to obtainrepresentative test samples of suitable size, is described and illustrated inPractice D346. Various types of riffle samplers

11、 are illustrated in PracticeD2013.7. Procedure7.1 Hand Sieving:7.1.1 Dry the specimen to substantially constant weight at atemperature of 105 to 110 C.7.1.2 Weigh 50 g of the dried glass spheres to the nearest 0.1g and place on the sieve with the largest opening in the seriesspecified for the test,

12、which shall be thoroughly dry. Hold thesieve, with pan and cover attached, in one hand in a slightlyinclined position so that the specimen will be well distributedover the sieve, at the same time gently striking the side about150 times per minute against the palm of the other hand on theupstroke. Tu

13、rn the sieve every 25 strokes about one sixth of a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved April 15, 2010. Published

14、May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1214 04. DOI:10.1520/D1214-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

15、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.revolution in the same direction. Continue the operation untilnot more than 0.05 g passes through the sieve in 1 min ofcontinuous sievi

16、ng. Each time, before weighing the materialpassing through the sieve, tap the side of the sieve with thebrush handle in order to remove any material adhering to thewire cloth.7.1.3 When the sieving has been finished, remove the coverof the sieve and carefully remove the residue remaining on thesieve

17、 to a tared container. Invert the sieve over a piece ofglazed white paper and clean the wire cloth by brushing theunderside. Add the material thus removed from the wire clothto the residue removed from the sieve.7.1.4 Weigh the portion of the specimen retained on thesieve to the nearest 0.1 g. Place

18、 the material passing throughthe largest sieve on the sieve with the next smaller opening forthe series selected for the sieve analysis. Continue sieving in asimilar manner, using successively each of the selected seriesof sieves in the order of decreasing size of opening, andrecording the weight of

19、 that portion of the specimen retainedon each sieve.7.1.5 Washers, slugs, or shot shall not be used on the sieves.7.2 Machine Sieving:7.2.1 Mechanical sieving devices may be used but the glassspheres shall not be rejected if they meet the specificationrequirements when tested by the hand-sieving met

20、hod de-scribed in 7.1. When mechanical sieving devices are used, theirthoroughness of sieving shall be tested by using the handmethod for comparison.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the weight of material and the percent of thespecimen passing each of the sieves.9. Report9.1 Report the following informat

21、ion:9.1.1 Results of the sieve analysis reported as the totalpercent passing each sieve, expressed to the nearest 0.5 %, and9.1.2 The method of sieving used.10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of Test Method D1214 for Sieve Analysisof Gla

22、ss Spheres conducted in 2008. Five laboratories partici-pated in this study. Each of the labs reported triplicate testresults for a single material. Every “test result” reportedrepresents an individual determination. Except for the use ofdata from only a single laboratory, Practice E691 was followed

23、for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given inASTM Research Report RR:D01-1150.10.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the

24、critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.10.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-15.10.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if the

25、y differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.10.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1-15.10

26、.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 10.1.2would normally have an approximate 95 % probability ofbeing correct, however the precision statistics obtained in thisILS must not be tr

27、eated as exact mathematical quantities whichare applicable to all circumstances and uses. The limitednumber of laboratories reporting results guarantees that therewill be times when differences greater than predicted by theILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greater orsmaller frequen

28、cy than the 95 % probability limit would imply.The reproducibility limit should be considered as a generalguide, and the associated probability of 95 % as only a roughindicator of what can be expected.10.2 BiasAt the time of the study there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining

29、the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.10.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 209 results, from five laboratories, onone material. This material was described as the following:Material A: Glass Spheres in the size range cor

30、respondingto AASHTO M247 Type 1.11. Keywords11.1 glass spheres; sieve3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1150.TABLE 1 Sieve Size 30 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviation

31、RepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 1.8283 0.3237 0.9062 0.4583 1.2833D1214 102TABLE 2 Sieve Size 30 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 4.4

32、817 0.7052 1.9745 0.8630 2.4164TABLE 3 Sieve Size 30 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 96.2147 0.8853 2.4790 2.3174 6.4886TABLE 4 Sieve Size 40 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGra

33、msRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 10.5687 2.8727 8.0437 3.2377 9.0657TABLE 5 Sieve Size 40 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonR

34、eproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 27.5567 3.1359 8.7804 3.1359 8.7804TABLE 6 Sieve Size 40 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 68.8580 3.5541 9.9516 3.5541 9.9516TABLE 7 Sieve Size 50 Average

35、 Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 15.9527 4.6637 13.0583 4.6637 13.0583D1214 103TABLE 8 Sieve Size 50 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeata

36、bilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 41.4873 1.2683 3.5512 1.9603 5.4887TABLE 9 Sieve Size 50 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 27.3707 3.3193 9.293

37、9 3.3193 9.2939TABLE 10 Sieve Size 70 Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 8.0240 2.6517 7.4248 2.7416 7.6764TABLE 11 Sieve Size 70 Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRep

38、eatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 20.5627 1.8967 5.3107 2.0650 5.7819TABLE 12 Sieve Size 70 Average % PassingMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilit

39、yLimitx SrrSRRA 6.7733 1.6848 4.7176 1.6848 4.7176TABLE 13 Pan Average Grams RetainedMaterialAverageGramsRetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 2.6607 1.1086 3.1040 1.1086 3.1040D1214 104ASTM International takes no positi

40、on respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility

41、.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM

42、International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sh

43、own below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-83

44、2-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 14 Pan Average % RetainedMaterialAverage%RetainedRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviaitonReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 6.8073 1.5906 4.4537 1.5906 4.4537TABLE 15 Pan Average % PasisngMaterialAverage%PassingRepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityLimitx SrrSRRA 0.00 NA NA NA NAD1214 105