ASTM C97-2002(2008) Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone.pdf

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1、Designation: C 97 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Methods forAbsorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 97; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the te

3、sts for determining theabsorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimensionstone, except slate.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore each system sha

4、ll be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate

5、 safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 Th

6、ese test methods are useful in indicating the differ-ences in absorption between the various dimension stones.These test methods also provide one element in comparingstones of the same type.5. Sampling5.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true averageof the type or grade of stone under con

7、sideration and shall beof the quality supplied to the market under the type designationto be tested. The sample may be selected by the purchaser orhis authorized representative from the quarried stone or takenfrom the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permitthe preparation of at least f

8、ive test specimens. When percep-tible variations occur, the purchaser may select as manysamples as are necessary for determining the range in proper-ties.6. Test Specimens6.1 The specimens may be cubes, prisms, cylinders, or anyregular form with least dimension not under 50 mm (2 in.) andgreatest di

9、mension not over 75 mm (3 in.) but the ratio ofvolume to surface area shall not be less than 8 nor greater than12.5 when measuring in millimetres (0.3 and 0.5 when mea-suring in inches). All surfaces shall be reasonably smooth. Sawor core drill surfaces are considered satisfactory, but roughersurfac

10、es shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels orsimilar tools shall be used at any stage of preparing thespecimens.6.2 Prepare at least five specimens from each sample.6.3 The same specimens may be used to determine bothwater absorption and bulk specific gravity. In this case, followthe proc

11、edures in 7.1-7.3 and 10.1, and issue a single reportcontaining all information required in 9 and 13. Alternatively,separate specimens may be prepared from the same or differentsamples. In this case, follow the applicable procedure forseparate determination and reporting of water absorption orbulk s

12、pecific gravity, or both.7. Procedure7.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 60 6 2C (140 6 4F). At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are thr

13、ee successive hourly readings withthe same weight.7.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 30 minand weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighed immedi-ately after cooling, store them in a desiccator. Determine theweights to the nearest 0.01 g (0.0005 oz).1These test methods are under th

14、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 97 02.2For referenced ASTM standards,

15、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194

16、28-2959, United States.7.3 Immerse the specimens completely in filtered or dis-tilled water at 22 6 2C (72 6 4F) for 48 h. At the end of thisperiod remove them from the water bath one at a time, surfacedry with a damp cloth, and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g (0.0005oz).8. Calculation and Report8.1 Cal

17、culate the weight percentage absorption (Note 1) foreach specimen as follows:Absorption, weight % 5 B 2 A!/A 3 100 (1)where:A = weight of the dried specimen, andB = weight of the specimen after immersion.NOTE 1If the percentage of absorption by volume is desired it will benecessary to determine the

18、bulk specific gravity and multiply each valueof percentage absorption by weight by the corresponding bulk specificgravity value.8.2 Calculate the mean water absorption of the sample asthe average of the weight percentage absorption for all speci-mens.9. Report9.1 The report shall contain the followi

19、ng information:9.1.1 Identity of party providing the sample.9.1.2 Name of stone.9.1.3 Identity of sample.9.1.4 Mean water absorption of sample.9.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimendimensions, given in this standard9.2 The report shall also contain the following informationfor eac

20、h specimen:9.2.1 Weight of dried specimen9.2.2 Weight of soaked and surface-dried specimen in air.9.2.3 Percentage water absorption by weight of specimen.BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY10. Procedure10.1 When both absorption and bulk specific gravity are tobe determined on the same specimens, weigh the saturat

21、edspecimens suspended in filtered or distilled water at 22 6 2C(72 6 4F) immediately after the absorption tests are com-pleted. Determine the suspended weights to the nearest 0.01 g(0.0005 oz).10.2 Asatisfactory means of weighing specimens in water isto use a wire basket similar to that illustrated

22、in Fig. 1 tosuspend the specimen in a vessel of water. The water vesselshall be large enough so that only the suspending cable of thebasket passes through the water surface. Ensure air bubbles areremoved from the basket and specimen before recording theweight.10.2.1 The water vessel can be supported

23、 on the balance panwith the basket suspended from a frame also supported on abalance pan, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Determine the weight ofthe basket when suspended in water to the same depth as whenweighing specimens therein. Subtract the weight of the basketto the nearest 0.01 g from the combined

24、weight of the specimenand basket.10.2.2 The basket can be suspended beneath an electronicbalance with the water vessel supported independently, asillustrated in Fig. 2. Zero the balance with the basket suspendedin water to the same depth as when weighing specimens.10.3 When the bulk specific gravity

25、 test is made on speci-mens other than those used for absorption, determine the dryweights as in 7.1 and 7.2. Immerse the specimens in filtered ordistilled water at 22 6 2C (72 6 4F) for at least1horuntilair bubbles do not form on the specimens within 5 min. Surfacedry the specimens as in 7.3, weigh

26、 to the nearest 0.01 g (0.0005oz), and return to the water bath. Determine the weights of thespecimens suspended in water in accordance with 10.2 beforethe specimens have stood in the water more than 5 min.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the bulk specific gravity as follows:Bulk specific gravity 5 A/B

27、 2 C! (2)ASpecimen. G Loop for attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of basket.D Bottom of basket of 1.83 mm (No. IWater jar.13B for example, drystoneweight per cubic metre (cubic foot) = bulk specific gravity 3 1000 (62.4).12. Report12.1 The report shall

28、contain the following information:12.1.1 Identity of party providing the sample.12.1.2 Name of stone.12.1.3 Identity of sample.12.1.4 Bulk specific gravity of sample.12.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimendimensions, given in this standard.12.2 The report shall also contain the fo

29、llowing informationfor each specimen:12.2.1 Weight of dried specimen.12.2.2 Weight of soaked and surface-dried specimen in air.12.2.3 Weight of soaked specimen suspended in water.12.2.4 Bulk specific gravity of specimen.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result

30、 indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate in repeat-ability and reproducibility.14. Keywords14.1 absorption; bulk specific gravity; dimension stone;stone; testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any

31、patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revis

32、ion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your c

33、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig

34、hted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (

35、e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).ASpecimen. G Loop for attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of basket.D Bottom of basket of 1.83 mm (No. IWater jar.13B&Sgage) brass wire (all JWater level.joints soldered). KWater jar support.E Bail of basket of 1.83 mm (No. 13 LBalance support.B & S gage) brass wire. MBalance.F Suspension wire of 0.812 mm (No.20B&Sgage) brass wire.NBenchtop.FIG. 2 Bulk Specific Gravity Test Assembly: Water Vessel BelowBalanceC 97 02 (2008)3