ASTM C97 C97M-2015 Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone《规格石料的吸收性和堆积比重的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C97/C97M 09C97/C97M 15Standard Test Methods forAbsorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C97/C97M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dim

3、ension stone,except slate.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems m

4、ay result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory l

5、imitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Terminology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 These tes

6、t methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These testmethods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type.5. Sampling5.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under considera

7、tion and shall be ofthe quality supplied to the market under the type designation to be tested. The sample may be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized representative from the quarried stone or taken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permit thepreparation of at least five

8、test specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples as arenecessary for determining the range in properties.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.6. Test Specimens6.1 The specimens may be

9、 cubes, prisms, cylinders, or any regular form with least dimension not under 2 in. 50 mm andgreatest dimension not over 3 in. 75 mm but the ratio of volume to surface area shall not be less than 0.3 nor greater than 0.5when measuring in inches 8 and 12.5 when measuring in millimetres. All surfaces

10、shall be reasonably smooth. Saw or core drillsurfaces are considered satisfactory, but rougher surfaces shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels or similar tools shallbe used at any stage of preparing the specimens.6.2 Prepare at least five specimens from each sample.1 These test methods a

11、re under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published April 2009July 2015. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asC970

12、2(2008).C9709. DOI: 10.1520/C0097_C0097M-09.10.1520/C0097_C0097M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM w

13、ebsite.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult pr

14、ior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.3 The same specimens may be used to det

15、ermine both water absorption and bulk specific gravity. In this case, follow theprocedures in 7.1 7.3 and 10.1, and issue a single report containing all information required in 9 and 13. Alternatively, separatespecimens may be prepared from the same or different samples. In this case, follow the app

16、licable procedure for separatedetermination and reporting of water absorption or bulk specific gravity, or both.7. Procedure7.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C.At the 46th, 47th, and 48th hour,weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the s

17、ame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens untilthere are three successive hourly readings with the same weight.7.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 30 min and weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighed immediatelyafter cooling, store them in a desiccator. D

18、etermine the weights to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.7.3 Immerse the specimens completely in filtered or distilled water at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C for 48 h. At the end of this periodremove them from the water bath one at a time, surface dry with a damp cloth, and weigh to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.8. Ca

19、lculation and Report8.1 Calculate the weight percentage absorption (Note 12) for each specimen as follows:Absorption,weight %5B 2A!/A# 3100 (1)where:A = weight of the dried specimen, oz g, andB = weight of the specimen after immersion, oz g.NOTE 2If the percentage of absorption by volume is desired

20、it will be necessary to determine the bulk specific gravity and multiply each value ofpercentage absorption by weight by the corresponding bulk specific gravity value.8.2 Calculate the mean water absorption of the sample as the average of the weight percentage absorption for all specimens.9. Report9

21、.1 The report shall contain the following information:9.1.1 Identity of party providing the sample.9.1.2 Name of stone.9.1.3 Identity of sample.9.1.4 Mean water absorption of sample.9.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimen dimensions, given in this standard9.2 The report shall also

22、contain the following information for each specimen:9.2.1 Weight of dried specimen9.2.2 Weight of soaked and surface-dried specimen in air.9.2.3 Percentage water absorption by weight of specimen.BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY10. Procedure10.1 When both absorption and bulk specific gravity are to be determine

23、d on the same specimens, weigh the saturatedspecimens suspended in filtered or distilled water at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C immediately after the absorption tests are completed.Determine the suspended weights to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.10.2 A satisfactory means of weighing specimens in water is to use a

24、wire basket similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 to suspendthe specimen in a vessel of water. The water vessel shall be large enough so that only the suspending cable of the basket passesthrough the water surface. Ensure air bubbles are removed from the basket and specimen before recording the weig

25、ht.10.2.1 The water vessel can be supported on the balance pan with the basket suspended from a frame also supported on abalance pan, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Determine the weight of the basket when suspended in water to the same depth as whenweighing specimens therein. Subtract the weight of the b

26、asket to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g from the combined weight of thespecimen and basket.10.2.2 The basket can be suspended beneath an electronic balance with the water vessel supported independently, as illustratedin Fig. 2. Zero the balance with the basket suspended in water to the same depth as w

27、hen weighing specimens.10.3 When the bulk specific gravity test is made on specimens other than those used for absorption, determine the dry weightsas in 7.1 and 7.2. Immerse the specimens in filtered or distilled water at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C for at least 1 h or until air bubblesdo not form on the speci

28、mens within 5 min. Surface dry the specimens as in 7.3, weigh to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g, and returnto the water bath. Determine the weights of the specimens suspended in water in accordance with 10.2 before the specimens haveC97/C97M 152stood in the water more than 5 min.ASpecimen. G Loop for

29、attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of basket.D Bottom of basket of No. 13 B for example, drystone weightper cubic foot cubic metre = bulk specific gravity 62.4 1000.12. Report12.1 The report shall contain the following information:12.1.1 Identity of par

30、ty providing the sample.12.1.2 Name of stone.12.1.3 Identity of sample.12.1.4 Bulk specific gravity of sample.12.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimen dimensions, given in this standard.12.2 The report shall also contain the following information for each specimen:12.2.1 Weight of

31、dried specimen.12.2.2 Weight of soaked and surface-dried specimen in air.12.2.3 Weight of soaked specimen suspended in water.ASpecimen. G Loop for attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of basket.D Bottom of basket of No. 13 B bulk specific gravity; dimensi

32、on stone; stone; testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen

33、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo

34、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known

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36、at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 155