ASTM C94 C94M-2011 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete《预拌混凝土的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation:C94/C94M10a Designation: C94/C94M 11Standard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as

3、defined in 3.2.2. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either ashereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in thisspecification, the purchasers specification shall govern. This specification does not cover th

4、e placement, consolidation, curing, orprotection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each s

5、ystem shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixedconcrete.1.4 The text of this standard referenc

6、es notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respon

7、sibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced

8、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138M Te

9、st Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by

10、 the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC567 T

11、est Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC989 Specification for Sl

12、ag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2010.Feb. 1, 2011. Published November 2010

13、.March 2011. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asC94/C94M10a. DOI: 10.1520/C0094_C0094M-10a1.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit

14、e, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio

15、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid

16、ered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064

17、/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for LaboratoryEvaluationC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume

18、Used in Cementitious MixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Con

19、crete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminol

20、ogy C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nready-mixed concrete mixed completely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nready-mixed concret

21、e partially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a truckmixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nready-mixed concrete completely mixed in a truck mixer.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportatio

22、n unit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the densityof the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as delivered, includingthe total mixing water as defined i

23、n 9.3. The density shall be determined in accordance with Test Method C138/C138M. The yieldshall be determined as the average of at least three measurements, one from each of three different transportation units sampledin accordance with Practice C172.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of

24、 hardened concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materials

25、 specifications, the following materials specifications shall be used:5.2 Cementitious Materials5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conform to Specification C150, Specification C595, or Specification C1157.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ash or natural pozzolans shall con

26、form to Specification C618. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag shall conform to Specification . Slag cement shall conform to Specification C989. Silica fume shallconform to Specification C1240.5.2.3Cementitious concrete mixturesCementitious concrete mixtures shall contain the kind(s) and class(es)

27、of hydrauliccement(s) and the kind(s) and class(es) of supplementary cementitious material(s) as specified by the purchaser. If hydrauliccement specification or type is not provided then the requirements of portland cement Type I or Type II conforming to SpecificationC150 shall apply or other cement

28、itious materials that have a demonstrated ability to satisfy the intended use.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conform to Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conform to Specification C637.5.4 WaterWater shall confo

29、rm to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixtures shall conform to Specification C260 (Note 2).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M asapplicable (Note 2).NOTE 2In any given instance, the requ

30、ired dosage of air-entraining, accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosagesshould be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 3Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may p

31、roduce concrete ofdifferent properties.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C94/C94M 1126. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifications, the purchaser shall specify the foll

32、owing:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.4 When air-entrained concrete is sp

33、ecified, the air content of the samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total air content and tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce ther

34、equired quality,6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, the mass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-dry mass(Note 5), and6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2 in Specification C1602/C1602M. .6.2 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious mate

35、rials in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is permittedto use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements of the purchaseras ordered.NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should consider the

36、exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected. Aircontents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the required resistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of air-entrained concrete.Air contents higher than the levels shown may reduce strength without contributing

37、any further improvement of durability.NOTE 5The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is the only unit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the air-dryor oven-dry mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining or calculating air-dry and oven-dry masses, are cov

38、ered by Test Method C567.6.26.3 Option A:6.23.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions for theconcrete mixture (Note 6), the purchaser shall also specify the following:6.2.1.16.3.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as det

39、ermined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofdischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the compressivestrength of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).

40、 Unless otherwisespecified the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for workability,placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition to those for structural design.

41、 The purchaser is referred to Standard Practice ACI 211.1and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures and conditions ofexposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural lightweight concretes cannot be determi

42、ned with sufficient accuracy for use as a specification basis.6.2.2At6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish astatement to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse a

43、ggregate andquantities, type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser thatthe materials to be used and p

44、roportions selected will produce concrete of the quality specified.6.36.4 Option B:6.34.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify thefollowing:6.34.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yard kilograms per cubic metre of

45、concrete,6.34.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons per cubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete, including surfacemoisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of absorption (Note 6), and6.34.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and dosage to be used. The cement content s

46、hall not be reduced whenadmixtures are used under this option without the written approval of the purchaser.6.3.2At6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish astatement to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve

47、 analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement andTABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteA,BTotal Air Content, %ExposureConditionCNominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, in. mm38 9.512 12.534 19.0 1 25.0 112 37.5 2 50.0 3 75.0Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5Moderate 6.

48、0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5AFor air-entrained concrete, when specified.BUnless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressivestrength, f8c, of 5000 psi 35 MPa or a

49、bove.CFor description of exposure conditions, refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1, Section 6.3.3, with attention to accompanying footnotes.C94/C94M 113saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water percubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.6.46.5 Option C:6.45.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for the