ASTM C90-2011b Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units《承重混凝土砌块的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation:C9011a Designation: C90 11bStandard Specification forLoadbearing Concrete Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow and solid (see 5.

3、3 and 5.4) concrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement, water, andmineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. There are three classes of concrete masonry units: (1) normalweight, (2) medium weight, and (3) lightweight. These units are suitable for both loadbearing and

4、nonloadbearing applications.1.2 Concrete masonry units covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in table

5、s and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1When p

6、articular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such as densityclassification, higher compressive strength, fire resistance, thermal performance or acoustical performance, these features should be specified separatelyby the purc

7、haser. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland Ceme

8、ntC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specificati

9、on for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength

10、 of Masonry PrismsE519 Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Masonry AssemblagesE72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsM

11、aterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conforming to Specification C150, modified as follows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Un

12、its and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved June 1,Dec. 15, 2011. Published June 2011.January 2012. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C90 11a.DOI: 10.1520/C0090-11AB.2For referenc

13、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide t

14、he user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stand

15、ard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to the cem

16、ent, the CaCO3content shall not be less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 Pozzolans

17、Specification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightwei

18、ght AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, and otherconstituents shall be previously established as suitable for use in concrete mason

19、ry units and shall conform to applicable ASTMstandards or shall be shown by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry units or anymaterial customarily used in masonry construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, units sha

20、ll conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1 and Table2. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit or significantlyimpair the strength or permanence of the construction. Minor cracks, incidental to the usual met

21、hod of manufacture or minorchipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery, are not grounds for rejection.NOTE 2Higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 2 may be specified where required by design. Consult with suppliers to determineavailability of units

22、 of higher compressive strength.NOTE 3Oven-dry densities of concrete masonry units generally fall within the range of 85 to 145 lbf/ft3(1360 to 2320 kg/m3). Because availabledensities will vary, suppliers should be consulted before specifying project requirements.5.1.1 When higher compressive streng

23、ths than those listed in Table 2 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three units shall equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, and the tested individual unit net area compressivestrength of all three units shall exceed 90 % of the specified compressive stren

24、gth.5.2 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the linear shrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.065 %.NOTE 4The purchaser is the public body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agreement topurchase or install, or both, concrete masonry un

25、its. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agenttransports the concrete masonry units, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent transports the concretemasonry units.5.3 Hollow Units:5.3.1 Face shell thick

26、ness (tfs) and web thickness (tw) shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 5Web thickness (tw) not conforming to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 may be approved, provided equivalent structural capability hasbeen established when tested in accordance with the applicable pro

27、visions of Test Methods E72, C1314, E519, or other applicable tests and the appropriateTABLE 1 Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and Web RequirementsANominal Width (W) ofUnits, in. (mm)Face Shell Thickness (tfs),min, in. (mm)B,CWeb Thickness (tw)Web ThicknessBC(tw),min, in. (mm)Normalized Web Area (A

28、nw),min, in.,2/ftD2(mm,2/mC2min, in.(mm)Equivalent Web Thickness,min, in./linear ftED(mm/linear m)3 (76.2) and 4 (102)34 (19)34 (19) 158 (136)3 (76.2) and 4 (102)34 (19)34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)6 (152) 1 (25) 134 (25) 214 (188)6 (152) 1 (25)34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)8 (203) 114 (32) 134 (25) 214 (188)8 (203) a

29、nd greater 114 (32)34 (19) 214 (188)10 (254) and greater 1 (32) 118 (29) 212 (209)10 (26.5 (4) and greater 5,1 (32) 118 (29) 212 (240)AAverage of measurements on a minimum of 3 units when measured as described in Test Methods C140.BWhen this standard is used for units having split surfaces, a maximu

30、m of 10 % of the split surface is permitted to have thickness less than those shown, but not lessthan34 in. (19.1 mm). When the units are to be solid grouted, the 10 % limit does not apply and Footnote C establishes a thickness requirement for the entire faceshell.CWhen the units are to be solid gro

31、uted, minimum face shell and web thickness shall be not less than58 in. (16 mm).DThe mMinimum web thick ness for units with webs closer than 1 in. (25.4mm)apart shall be34in. (19.1 mm).EEquivalzentd web thickn aressa does not apply to the portion of the unit to be filled with grout. The length of th

32、at portion shall be deducted from the overall length ofthe unit for the calculation of the equ mivalentimum web cross-secthickonal aressa.C90 11b2design criteria developed is in accordance with applicable building codes.5.4 Solid Units:5.4.1 The net cross-sectional area of solid units in every plane

33、 parallel to the bearing surface shall be not less than 75 % of thegross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.5.5 End Flanges:5.5.1 For units having end flanges, the thickness of each flange shall not be less than the minimum face shell thickness.NOTE 6Flanges beveled at the ends for mort

34、arless head joint applications that will be filled with grout are exempt from this requirement. Flangeswhich are specially shaped for mortarless head joint applications which have been shown by testing or field experience to provide equivalent performanceare exempt from this requirement.6. Permissib

35、le Variations in Dimensions6.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2mm) from the specified dimensions.6.2 Particular Feature UnitsFor particular feature units, dimensions shall be in accordance with the following:6.2

36、.1 For molded face units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) fromthe specified standard dimension. Dimensions of molded features shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) of the specified standarddimensions and shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) of the

37、 specified placement of the molded feature.NOTE 7Molded features include, but are not limited to: ribs, scores, hex-shapes, and patterns.6.2.2 For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensions shall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimensions.6.2.3 For slump

38、units, no overall height dimension shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimension.NOTE 8On faces that are split or slumped, overall dimensions will vary. Consult with suppliers to determine achievable dimensional tolerances forproducts including these features.7. Fin

39、ish and Appearance7.1 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) under diffusedlighting.7.1.1 Five percent

40、of a shipment containing chips, not larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any dimension, or cracks not wider than0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and not longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit, is permitted.7.2 The color and texture of units shall be specified by the purchaser. The finished surfaces that will

41、 be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample, consisting of not less than four units, representing the range of texture and color permitted.NOTE 9Concrete masonry units are produced using a wide variety of natural aggregates and other materials. As such, slight variations inherent fromnat

42、ural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approving samples can take place several months prior to production of actual units fora project, slight variations in appearance from the approved sample are to be expected.7.3 A shipment shall not contain more than 5 % of units, includi

43、ng broken units, that do not meet the requirements of 6.1, 7.1,and 7.1.1.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Sample and test units in

44、accordance with Test Methods C140.8.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests of concrete masonry units made with the same materials, concrete mixdesign, manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted in accordance with Test Method C426 and not more than 24 monthsprior to delivery

45、.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove units from theTABLE 2 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsDensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/

46、ft3(kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength, lb/in2(MPa)Average of 3 Units Average of 3 Units Individual Units Average of 3 Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 1900 (13.1) 1700 (11.7)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 1900 (13.1) 1

47、700 (11.7)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 1900 (13.1) 1700 (11.7)C90 11b3shipment. A new sample shall be selected by the purchaser from remaining units from the shipment with a similar configurationand dimension and tested. If the second sample meets the specified requirements, th

48、e remaining portion of the shipment representedby the sample meets the specified requirements. If the second sample fails to meet the specified requirements, the remaining portionof the shipment represented by the sample fails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 10Unless otherwise specified in t

49、he purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show that theunits do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the unitsconform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; compressive strength; concrete masonry units; equivalent web thickness; face shell; flange; lightweight; lineardrying shrinkage; loadbearin