ASTM C693-1993(2013) Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy《通过浮力迪对玻璃密度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C693 93 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forDensity of Glass by Buoyancy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof glasses at or near 25C, by buoyancy.1.2 This standard does not purport to address
3、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E12 Terminology R
4、elating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density of solidsthe mass of a unit volume of amaterial at a specified temperature. The units shall be stated asgrams per cubic centimetre (see Terminology E12).4. Significance a
5、nd Use4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basicsignificance. It is useful in the physical description of the glassand as essential data for research, development, engineering,and production.5. Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of 0.1mg.5.2 Beaker, of conve
6、nient capacity (250 to 750 cm3)tofitinside the balance chamber and allow immersion of the basketor wire loop specimen holder in distilled water.5.3 Thermometers, calibrated (20 to 30C), sensitive to0.1C for determining air and water temperatures.5.4 Nickel-Chromium-Iron or Platinum-Alloy Wire, lesst
7、han 0.2-mm diameter for suspending the specimen either in abasket or a loop made of the same wire. The suspension wireshall be cleaned by degreasing or heating in a vacuum.4Anacceptable alternative method of cleaning the platinum-alloywire is to heat in an oxidizing gas flame until there is no longe
8、rany color emitted from the gases passing around the wire.5.5 Weights, with accuracy of 0.1 mg.5.6 Barometer, with sensitivity of 1-mm Hg (optional, seeNote 3).6. Reagent6.1 Distilled Water, fresh, boiled, and used within 24 h,allowed to stabilize at balance air temperature for at least 2 hin the be
9、aker.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specimens weighing about 20 g, with a minimum ofseeds or other inclusions (Note 1), shall be taken or cut fromthe sample object, preferably in cylindrical or rectangular barform with smooth, slightly rounded surfaces having no cracksor sharp edges.NOTE 1For a specimen of 20
10、g with a density of approximately 2.5g/cm3, a gaseous void of diameter 2 mm will cause an error in measureddensity of 0.05 %.7.2 The specimens shall be cleaned, handling them withtweezers throughout subsequent operations, by immersionpreferably in an ultrasonic bath of hot nitric acid, chromic-sulfu
11、ric acid, or organic degreasing solvent, followed by arinsing in alcohol and distilled water. For samples only soiledby ordinary handling or exposure, adequate cleaning may beobtained using a warm 2 % volume MICRO-brand5detergent,followed by a deionized or distilled water rinse.1This test method is
12、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 onPhysical and Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C6
13、93 93 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/C0693-93R13.2Withdrawn. The last approved historical version of this standard is referencedon www.astm.org3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Bowman, H.A., and Schoonover, R. M., “Procedure for High Precision DensityDetermina
14、tions by Hydrostatic Weighing.” Journal of Research, National Bureau ofStandards, Vol 71C, No. 3, JulyAugust 1967, pp. 179198.5Manufactured by International Products Corporation, PO Box 70, Burlington,NJ 08016.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
15、428-2959. United States18. Procedure8.1 Hold the specimens and covered beaker of boileddistilled water near the laboratory balance until the water hascooled to ambient temperature before weighing.8.2 Read the laboratory air temperature to the nearest 1C.Read the barometric pressure to the nearest 1-
16、mm Hg. A fixedlaboratory average barometric pressure estimate is an accept-able alternative to the barometric pressure measurement (seeNote 3). Determine the density, A, of the air from Table 1.8.3 Weigh the glass specimen in air to the nearest 0.1 mgand record as WA.8.4 Place the beaker of water wi
17、th immersed thermometeron a platform supporting it over the balance pan so that the panor balance arm is free to swing.8.5 Place the specimen in the basket or loop holder and hangthis holder from the balance arm by means of a suitable hookand the suspension wire. Immerse the basket and specimen byra
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