ASTM C685 C685M-2007 Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing.pdf

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1、Designation: C 685/C 685M 07Standard Specification forConcrete Made by Volumetric Batching and ContinuousMixing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 685/C 685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers co

3、ncrete made from materialscontinuously batched by volume, mixed in a continuous mixer,and delivered to the purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhard-ened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality ofconcrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specifiedby the purchaser. When t

4、he requirements of the purchaser differfrom this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolidation, finishing, curing, or protection of the concreteafter delivery to the purchaser. Tests and criteria for batchingaccuracy and mixing

5、 efficiency are specified herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values fr

6、om the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.4 This standar

7、d does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious

8、 mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength o

9、f Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseA

10、ggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

11、C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 567 Test Method for D

12、etermining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete

13、 and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 685/C 685M 01.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggr

14、egate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w

15、ebsite.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Slag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixturesfor Use in Producing Flo

16、wing ConcreteC 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory EvaluationC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1602/C 1602M

17、 Specification for Mixing Water Used inthe Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Con-crete Field Testing Technician-Grade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard

18、 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete304.6R Guide for Use of Volumetric-Measuring andContinuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Str

19、uctural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual5VMMB 100-01 Volumetric Mixer Standards of the Volu-metric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminology C 125.3.2 Definitions

20、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 manufacturer, nof concrete, the producer of theconcrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nof concrete, the buyer of the concrete.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubicmetre of plastic and unhardened concrete as it is continuouslydisch

21、arged from the batching and mixing apparatus.4.2 The volume of freshly mixed and unhardened concretein a given batch shall be determined by, or calculated from, acalibrated indicating device driven directly by the batchingapparatus.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretema

22、y be, or may appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the manufacturer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specificationscovering

23、requirements for quality of materials, the followingspecifications shall govern:5.1.1 CementCement shall conform to SpecificationC 150, Specification C 595, or Specification C 1157 (Note 2).The purchaser shall specify the type or types required, but if notype is specified, the requirements of Type I

24、 as prescribed inSpecification C 150 shall apply.NOTE 2These different cements will produce concretes of differentproperties and should not be used interchangeably.5.1.2 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C 330 a

25、nd heavyweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C 637.5.1.3 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C 1602/C 1602M.5.1.4 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagGroundgranulated blast furnace slag shall conform to SpecificationC 989.5.1.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admix-tures sha

26、ll conform to Specification C 260.(Note 3)5.1.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to either Specification C 494/C 494M or C 1017/C 1017M, as applicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. There

27、fore, a range ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size or sizes of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump or slumps desi

28、red at the point of delivery (see10.3),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-tent of samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see 10.4 and Table 1 for the total air contentand tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.4 When structural lightweight concrete is specifi

29、ed, thedensity as fresh density, equilibrium density, or oven-drydensity (Note 5), and6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality (see 6.2, 6.3,or6.4).NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purcha

30、ser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength

31、without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The density of fresh concrete, which is the only densitydeterminable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the equilibriumdensity, or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods for determiningor calculating equilibrium den

32、sity and oven-dry density, are covered inTest Method C 567.6.2 Option A:4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available

33、 from the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, 900 Spring Street,Silver Spring, MD 20910, www.vmmb.org.C 685/C 685M 0726.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall also specify thef

34、ollowing in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through6.1.5:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the mixer at the point ofdischarge and evaluated in accordance with Section 11. Thepurchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive str

35、ength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard curing conditions for moist curing. Unless otherwisespecified, the age at test shall be 28 days, and6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, givin

36、g the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall

37、 also furnish evidence satisfactory to thepurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedwill produce concrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall alsospecify the foll

38、owing in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1through 6.1.5:6.3.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yard orkilograms per cubic metre of concrete, or equivalent units,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard or litres or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete orequiv

39、alent units, including surface moisture on the aggregates,but excluding water of absorption (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. Those employed for air-entrainmentor for control of set (acceleration, retardation) shall havemaximum limitations s

40、et as to dosage. Admixtures shall not beused as a substitute for a portion of specified amounts ofcement without the written approval of the purchaser.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, place

41、ability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition tothose for structural design. The purchaser is referred to ACI StandardPractice 211.1 for normal weight concrete, and ACI Standard Practice211.2 for lightweight concrete, for the selection of proportions that willresult in concrete suit

42、able for various types of structures and conditions ofexposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural lightweight concretescannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use as a specificationbasis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of t

43、he concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieveanalyses of the aggregates and the dry mass of cement andsaturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type, and name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of c

44、oncrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurchaser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified, the p

45、urchaser shall also specify the followingin addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge andevaluated in accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shallspecify the requirements for str

46、ength in terms of tests ofstandard specimens cured under standard curing conditions formoist curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds percubic yard or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete (Note 7),and6.4.1.3 If admixtures a

47、re required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. The cement content shall not bereduced when admixtures are used.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and

48、saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfa

49、ctory to thepurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedwill produce concrete of the quality specified. Whateverstrengths are attained the quantity of cement used shall not beless than the minimum specified.NOTE 7Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designatedminimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarilybe required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump specified. At thesame time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to ensure durabilityunder expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory