ASTM C67-2013 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile《砖块和结构粘土瓦取样和试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C67 12C67 13 American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C67; the number immediately following the designation i

2、ndicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of

3、the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarilyapplicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect offr

4、eezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and voidarea. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in Specification C126.)1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes

5、which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.3 The values stated in inch-po

6、und units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th

7、e responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Soli

8、d Masonry UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for MasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminologyFor

9、E6 and Terminologydefinitions relating to C1232 shall be considered as applying tothesampling and testing brick, refer to Terminology E6 terms usedand Terminology C1232in these test methods4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test SpecimensFor the purpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile

10、, or solid masonry units shallbe selected by the purchaser or by the purchasers authorized representative. Specimens shall be representative of the lot of unitsfrom which they are selected and shall include specimens representative of the complete range of colors, textures, and sizes.Specimens shall

11、 be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturingprocess. Brushes used to remove foreign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) or horsehair. Wire brushes shall not beused for preparing specimens for testing. Specimens exhib

12、iting foreign material that is not removed by brushing shall be discardedto ensure that damaged or contaminated specimens are not tested.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick and

13、Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2012July 1, 2013. Published July 2012July 2013. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asC67 11.C67 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0067-12.10.1520/C0067-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, o

14、r contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes ha

15、ve been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official do

16、cument.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and abso

17、rption determinations, at least tenindividual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000 brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall beselected from each additional 500 000 brick or fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at the discretion of the purchaser

18、.4.2.2 Structural Clay TileFor the weight determination and for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least five tile shallbe selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall be tested foreach 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction

19、thereof. In no case shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.4.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that it may be identified is identifiable at any time. Markings shall covernot more than 5 % of the superficial area of the spec

20、imen.5. Specimen Preparation5.1 Weight Determination:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated oven at 230 to 239F (110 to 115C) for not less than 24 h and until twosuccessive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an increment of loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously determined we

21、ightof the specimen.5.1.2 CoolingAfter drying, cool the specimens in a drying room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), witha relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the units free from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for a period of atleast 4 h and until the surface t

22、emperature is within 5F (2.8C) of the drying room temperature. Do not use specimens noticeablywarm to the touch for any test requiring dry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying room with the required temperatureand humidity maintained until tested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of coolin

23、g the specimens to approximate room temperature shall be is permitted as follows: Storeunits, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), with arelative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of 4 h and until the surface temperature

24、is within 5F (2.8C) of the ventilatedroom temperature, with a current of air from an electric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 h. The specimens shallbe stored in the ventilated room with the required temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.1.3 Weighing and Report:5.1.3.1 W

25、eigh five dry full size specimens. The scale or balance used shall have a capacity of not less than 3000 g and shallbe sensitive to 0.5 g.5.1.3.2 Report results separately for each specimen to the nearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to the nearest0.1 g.5.2 Removal of Silicone Coa

26、tings from Brick UnitsThe silicone coatings intended to be removed by this process are any ofthe various polymeric organic silicone compounds used for water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 950 6 50F(510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a period of not less than 3 h. The rat

27、e of heating and cooling shall not exceed 300F(149C) per h.NOTE 2Where indicated for specific individual tests, additional specimen preparation may be required.Additional specimen preparation requirementsfor specific tests are indicated in the individual test methods.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure T

28、est)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist of whole dry full-size units (see 5.1.1). Five such specimens shall betested.6.2 Procedure:6.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified and reported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a s

29、pan approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) less than the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. If the specimenshave Specimens having recesses (panels or depressions) place them shall be placed so that such recesses are on the compressionside. Apply the load to the upper surface of the specimen through a s

30、teel bearing plate 14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 112 in.(38.10 mm) in width and of a length at least equal to the width of the specimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are free to rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that

31、they will exert no force in these directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe rate of loading shall not exceed 2000 lbf (8896 N)/min. but this This requirement is considered asbeing met ifwhen the speed of the moving head of the testing machine immediately prior to application of the load is not morethan 0

32、.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:6.3.1 Calculate and report the modulus of rupture of each specimen to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa) as follows:S 53Wl/22x!/bd2 (1)C67 132where:S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane of failure, lb/in.2 (Pa),W = maximum load indicated by th

33、e testing machine, lbf (N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (face to face minus voids), of the specimen at the plane of failure, in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen at the plane of failure, in. (mm), andx = average distance from the midspan of

34、the specimen to the plane of failure measured in the direction of the span along thecenterline of the bed surface subjected to tension, in. (mm).6.3.2 Calculate and report the average of the modulus of rupture determinations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7

35、.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of dry half brick (see 5.1.1), the full height and width of the unit, with a lengthequal to one half the full length of the unit 61 in. (25.4 mm), except as described below. IfWhen the test specimen, describedabove, exceeds the testing machine capacity, the

36、 test specimens shall consist of dry pieces of brick, the full height and width ofthe unit, with a length not less than one quarter of the full length of the unit, and with a gross cross-sectional area perpendicularto bearing not less than 14 in.2 (90.3 cm2). Test specimens shall be obtained by any

37、method that will produce, without shatteringor cracking, a specimen with approximately plane and parallel ends. Five specimens shall be tested.7.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five dry tile specimens in a bearing bed length equal to the width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or testfull-size units.7.2 Capping Test S

38、pecimens:7.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within the meaning of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 before any portion of the capping procedureis carried out.7.2.2 If the surface which Fill recessed or paneled surfaces that will become bearing surfaces during the compression test arerecessed or paneled, fill t

39、he depressions with a mortar composed of 1 part by weight of quick-hardening cement conforming to therequirements for Type III cement of Specification C150, and 2 parts by weight of sand. Age the specimens at least 48 h beforecapping them. Where the recess exceeds 12 in. (12.7 mm), use a brick or ti

40、le slab section or metal plate as a core fill. Cap the testspecimens using one of the two procedures described in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum CappingCoat the two opposite bearing surfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to dry thoroughly. Bedone of the dry shellacked surfaces of the specime

41、n in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum (plaster of paris) that has beenspread on an oiled nonabsorbent plate, such as glass or machined metal. The casting surface plate shall be plane within 0.003 in.(0.076 mm) in 16 in. (406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it will not

42、 be measurably deflected during the cappingoperation. Lightly coat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat this procedure with the other shellacked surface. Take care thatthe opposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximately parallel and perpendicular to the vertical axis of the speci

43、men andthe thickness of the caps will be approximately the same and not exceeding 18 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 h beforetesting the specimens.NOTE 3A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum is frequently used for capping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture containing 40 to 60 weight %

44、 sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay or othersuitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sieve with or without plasticizer. The casting surface plate requirements shallbe as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm) square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangular mol

45、d approximately12 in. (12.7 mm) greater in either inside dimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in a thermostatically controlledheating pot to a temperature sufficient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time after contact with the surface beingcapped. Take care to prevent

46、overheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fill the mold to a depth of 14 in. (6.35 mm)with molten sulfur material. Place the surface of the unit to be capped quickly in the liquid, and hold the specimen so that itsvertical axis is at right angles to the capping surface. The thickn

47、ess of the caps shall be approximately the same. Allow the unitto remain undisturbed until solidification is complete. Allow the caps to cool for a minimum of 2 h before testing the specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Test brick specimens flatwise (that is, the load shall be applied perpendicular to the b

48、ed surface of the brick with the brickin the stretcher position). Test structural clay tile specimens in a position such that the load is applied in the same direction as inservice. Center the specimens under the spherical upper bearing within 116 in. (1.59 mm).7.3.2 The testing machine shall confor

49、m to the requirements of Practices E4.7.3.3 The upper bearing shall be a spherically seated, hardened metal block firmly attached at the center of the upper head ofthe machine. The center of the sphere shall lie at the center of the surface of the block in contact with the specimen. The blockshall be closely held in its spherical seat, but shall be free to turn in any direction, and its perimeter shall have at least 14 in. (6.35mm) clearance from the head to allow for specimens whose bearing surfaces are not exactly parallel. The diamete