ASTM C652-2017 Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)《空心砖(用粘土或页岩制空心砌块)规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: C652 15C652 17Standard Specification forHollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow

3、 building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof,and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered. In this specification,the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units

4、 whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in anyplane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measuredin the same plane (see 4.3). This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specifi

5、cation C902).1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6) ofthis standard is beyond the scope of this

6、 specification.1.3 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturallyoccurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficientfired bond between the particu

7、late constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. Additivesor recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in TerminologyC1232.)1.3.1 This specification and its individual requirements sh

8、all not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonryunit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications C

9、62 andC216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile,but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental andstructural performance may be different

10、in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile orsolid brick.1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requi

11、rements of the specification.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C34 Specifi

12、cation for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Maso

13、nry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current editio

14、n approved Aug. 1, 2015March 15, 2017. Published August 2015March 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20142015as C652 14.C652 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0652-15.10.1520/C0652-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servi

15、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous

16、 version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes

17、 section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to masonry and hollow brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. C

18、lassification4.1 GradesTwo grades of hollow brick are covered:Grades classify brick according to their resistance to damage by freezingwhen saturated at a moisture content not exceeding the 24-h cold water absorption. Two grades are covered and the graderequirements are given in Section 6.NOTE 1Alth

19、ough grade is associated with resistance to deterioration under freeze/thaw exposures, freeze/thaw resistance of a clay brick unit is alsoaffected by the properties of the surrounding materials, the construction details, and the overall environment in which the clay unit is placed; each of whichmay

20、influence exposure to moisture and freezing conditions. Brick masonry should be detailed to minimize saturation or near-saturation of the units infreezing conditions. Measurement of moisture content of brick in buildings indicates that, when the building is designed and constructed to reduce waterpe

21、netration, the 24-h cold water absorption is unlikely to be exceeded. See Specification C216,Appendix for additional information regarding freeze/thawdurability in service.4.1.1 Grade SWHollow brick intended for use where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and disintegrationby w

22、eathering is desired and the exposure is such that the hollow brick may be frozen when permeated with water.4.1.2 Grade MWHollow brick intended for use where a moderate and somewhat nonuniform degree of resistance to frostaction is permissible or where they are unlikely to be permeated with water wh

23、en exposed to temperatures below freezing.4.2 TypesFour types of hollow brick are covered:4.2.1 Type HBSHollow brick for general use in masonry.4.2.2 Type HBXHollow brick for general use in masonry where a higher degree of precision and lower permissible variationin size than permitted for Type HBS

24、is required.4.2.3 Type HBAHollow brick for general use in masonry selected to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting fromnonuniformity in size and texture of the individual units.4.2.4 Type HBBHollow brick for general use in masonry where a particular color, texture, finish, uniformi

25、ty, or limits oncracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from the appearance are not a consideration.4.2.5 When the type is not specified, the requirements for Type HBS shall govern.4.3 ClassTwo classes of hollow brick are covered:4.3.1 Class H40VHollow brick intended for use where void ar

26、eas or spaces greater than 25 %, but not greater than 40 %, ofthe gross cross-sectional area of the unit measured in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deep frogsare desired. The void spaces, the web thicknesses, and the shell thicknesses shall comply with the requirem

27、ents of Section 10 onCoring and Frogging.4.3.2 Class H60VHollow brick intended for use where larger void areas are desired. The sum of these void areas shall begreater than 40 %, but not greater than 60 %, of the gross cross-sectional area of the unit measured in any plane parallel to thesurface con

28、taining the cores, cells or deep frogs. The void spaces, the web thicknesses, and the shell thicknesses shall comply withthe requirements of Section 10 on Coring and Frogging and to the minimum requirements contained in Table 1 (see Fig. 1).4.3.3 When the class is not specified, the requirements of

29、Class H40V shall govern.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The body of all hollow brick shall be of clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures of these materials, with or without admixtures,burned to meet the requirements of this specification. Any coloring or other materials added to the clay shall be suitab

30、le ceramicmaterials and shall be well distributed throughout the body.5.2 Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings to the faces of the brick shall be permitted with theconsent of the purchaser, provided that evidence is furnished of the durability of the coatings. Brick that

31、 are colored by flashingor textured by sanding, where the sand does not form a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick forthe purpose of this specification.TABLE 1 Class H60VHollow Brick Minimum Thicknessof Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Width of UnitsFace Shell T

32、hicknesses End Shells orEnd WebsSolid Cored or DoubleShell3 and 4 (76 and 101) 34 (19.05) . 34 (19.05)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (32) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)10 (254) and greater 114 (32) 158 (41) 1 (25.4)C652 172NOTE 2When surface colored brick, other than sanded or flashed, are specifi

33、ed for exterior use, the purchaser should require that data be submittedshowing that after 50 cycles of freezing thawing there is no observable difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of 10 ft (3.0 m) underan illumination of not less than 50 ft-candles (538 lx) by an observer wi

34、th normal vision.Service records of the performance of the particular coated brick in exterior locations may be accepted in place of the freezing and thawing test, uponconsent of the purchaser.5.3 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that woul

35、d interfere with theproper laying of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction.5.4 If any post-firing coatings or surface treatments are applied by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall report the type andextent of these coatings or surface treatments in al

36、l certificates of compliance with this specification.6. Physical Properties6.1 DurabilityWhen grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade SW shall govern.6.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the grade specified asprescribed in Table 2. F

37、or the compressive strength requirements in Table 2, test the unit with the compressive force perpendicularto the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in the stretcher position.FIG. 1 Hollow Brick UnitsC652 1736.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient requirement does not apply, provide

38、d that the 24-h cold water absorptionof each of the five units tested does not exceed 8.0 %.6.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirements for 5-h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient do notapply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strength requirements of Table 2, p

39、asses the freezing and thawing test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures of Test Methods C67.NOTE 3The 50-cycle freezing and thawing test is used as an alternative only when the brick do not conform to either Table 2 requirements formaximum water absorption a

40、nd saturation coefficient, or to the requirements of the Absorption Alternate in 6.1.2.6.1.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight Loss RequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegrates resulting in a weightloss greater than 0.5 % of its original dry weight.6.1.3.2 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementNo

41、individual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.6.1.4 Low Weathering Index Alternative:6.1.4.1 If the brick are intended for use exposed to weather where the weathering index is less than 50 (see Fig. 2), and unlessTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesig-nationCompressi

42、ve Strengthgross area, min, psi(MPa)Water Absorptionby 5-hBoiling, max, %SaturationCoefficient,maxAverage of5 brick IndividualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualGrade SWGrade MW3000 (20.7)2500 (17.2)2500 (17.2)2200 (15.2)17.022.020.025.00.780.880.800.90Grade Recommendations for

43、Face ExposuresExposure Weathering Index (Note 34)Less than 50 50 and greaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW or MW SWNot in contact with earth SW or MW SWIn other than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SWNot in contact with earth SW or MW SWFIG. 2 Weathering Indices in the Unit

44、ed StatesC652 174otherwise specified, the requirements given in Table 2 for 5-h boiling water absorption and for saturation coefficient shall not apply,but the minimum average compressive strength requirement of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) shall apply.NOTE 4The effect of weathering on brick is related to th

45、e weathering index, which for any locality is the product of the average annual number offreezing cycle days and the average annual winter rainfall in inches, as defined as follows.3A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperature passes either above or below 32F (0C). The average nu

46、mber of freezing cycledays in a year may be taken to equal the difference between the mean number of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F (0C) or below,and the mean number of days during which the maximum temperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum, in inches, of the me

47、an monthly corrected precipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between and including thenormal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normal date of the last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period is equal tothe total precipitation less one tenth of t

48、he total fall of snow, sleet, and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.Fig. 2 indicates general areas of the United States that correspond to the weathering categories listed. The index for geographical locations near the50 line should be determined by analysis of weather bureau local

49、 climatological summaries, with due regard to the effect of microclimatic conditions,especially altitude.The recommended correlation between grade of hollow brick, weathering index, and exposure is found in Fig. 2. The specifier may use theserecommendations or use the grade descriptions and physical requirements along with use exposure and local climatological conditions to select grade.6.2 StrengthWhen hollow brick are required having strengths greater than prescribed in Table 2, the purchaser shall specifythe desired minimum compressiv