ASTM C648-2004(2014) Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile《瓷砖抗断强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C648 04 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forBreaking Strength of Ceramic Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-ing strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile,quarry tile, and p
3、aver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.2(6.4 cm2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does no
4、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
5、s:2C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1,refer to Terminology C242.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of supporting
6、the tile on theends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tileshaving an actual facial area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) (or less),arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at adefinite rate to the center of the tile, which coincides with thecenter of the triangular support, un
7、til the specimen breaks.NOTE 1The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects thevalue of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6by 6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties andthickness to a 414 by 414-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a brea
8、kingstrength higher than the 414 by 414-in. tile.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method provides means for establishingwhether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strengthrequirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tilestrength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from
9、the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 512 by 512 by 1-in.(139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three14-in. (6.4-mm) diameter and38-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes arearranged in an equilateral triangle having 3-in. (76.2-mm) sides
10、and whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in.(44.0 mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel blockso that its center coincides with that of the steel block and oneside of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block.Three38-in. diameter steel rods, 138 in. with (3
11、4.9 mm) long,one end threaded for a distance of38 in. with the same14-in.thread as the tapped holes, and the other end ground flat, fit intothe three holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three38-in.diameter steel rods, but34 in. (19.0 mm) long only, arethreaded on one end for a distance of38-
12、in., are ground flat onthe other end and fit three other14-in. tapped holes. The three14-in. holes, tapped for a distance of38 in. to receive thissecond set of steel rods are located at the apexes of anequilateral triangle having 112-in. (38.1-mm) long sides andwhose circumscribed circle has a radiu
13、s of 0.866 in. (22.0 mm).This second equilateral triangle is located within the first one insuch a manner that its circumscribed circle is identical with theinscribed circle of the first triangle, and its sides are parallel tothose of the larger triangle. The ball bearing support consists ofthree18-
14、in. (3.2-mm) ball bearings arranged in an equilateraltriangle, with sides of 14 mm concentric and parallel with theother triangles. The bearings are embedded in the block to theextent of half their volume. The steel block has four more14-in. tapped holes to receive socket head cap screws forholding
15、four registry stops. One of these holes is located in thecenter of one side,14 in. in from the edge. Another of these islocated in the center of an adjacent side14 in. from the edge.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the d
16、irect responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C648 04 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/C0648-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
17、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1The other two
18、are located on an adjacent side,14 in. in from theedge, spaced 2 in. (50.8 mm) apart, with one located 134 in.(44.4 mm) from one of the corners of the first side. The twosingle hole registry stops are used with the ball bearingsupport. The double hole registry stop and the adjacent edgesingle stop a
19、re to be used with the sets of rod supports. Threeof the registry stops designed for use with the cylindrical rodsupports consist of18-in. (3.2-mm) thick steel strips,34 in.wide, 2 in. long, with a14-in. wide slot extending for the full2-in. length of the strip. The slot is open on one end and theot
20、her end of each steel strip has a34 in. wide and 112 in. highprojection,18 in. thick, which will contact the edges of the tilewhen in proper position for use. The other two registry stops,designed for use with the ball bearing support, have exactly thesame dimensions except for their projection heig
21、ht which is58 in. The projection is obtained by making the steel stripsactually 312 in. (88.9 mm) long and bending them at rightangles to obtain the 112-in. or58-in. (38.1-mm or 15.9-mm)high projection. Each of the three registry stops can be fastenedwith washer and socket head cap screw through its
22、 slot in anyone of numerous positions. Being adjustable, they serve asregistry stops for the different sizes of tile which may bebroken over these supports. For tile of dimensions 414 in.(107.9 mm) or smaller, the projections will be located on thatend of the strip nearest to the support block; for
23、tile havingdimensions larger than 414 in., the strips are reversed so thatthe projections are located on the end of the steel strips awayfrom the support block (see Fig. 1). For certain mosaic tileswith dimensions of less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) length, it isnecessary to reverse the position of the reg
24、istry stops so that thetile is supported with the slot ends in order to avoid interfer-ence with the force applicator.6.2 Force Applicator Force is applied in the exact centerof the triangular support by means of a12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter stainless steel ball bearing, countersunk to a depth of1764 i
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