[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷19及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. S

2、uch special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to des

3、cribe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trade

4、s and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though

5、 highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law. medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons,and have

6、 contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and politic

7、al science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowad

8、ays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science“ makes everybody acquainted with modern views an

9、d recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms

10、and making them commonplace. (417 words) 1 This passage is primarily concerned with_. （ A） a new language （ B） various occupations and professions （ C） technical terminology （ D） scientific undertakings 2 Special words used in technical discussion_. （ A） may become part of common speech （ B） should

11、resemble mathematical formulae （ C） should be confined to scientific fields （ D） are considered artificial speech 3 It is true that_. （ A） occupations and newspapers may help technical terms get into our common speech （ B） various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jarg

12、ons （ C） there is always a clearcut nontechnical word that may be substituted for the technical word （ D） an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms 4 Which of the following has NOT been discussed in the passage? （ A） With the help of terminology, scientists of the same field

13、will better understand each other. （ B） Once a new term is coined, it will remain there forever. （ C） It usually takes no time for a new coinage to be read or heard by the public nowadays. （ D） There are still a large number of technical terms unfamiliar to the ordinary reader. 5 The authors main pu

14、rpose in the passage is to_. （ A） describe a phenomenon （ B） argue a belief （ C） propose a solution （ D） stimulate an action 5 Madonna became the first celebrity to make a donation to charities helping the victims of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks in September. She gave around $ 1 milli

15、on the proceeds from three Los Angeles concerts to children orphaned by the disaster, the singer leading her audience of 20 000 in prayer. Ironically, of all the many faces Madonna presents to the world, the one she tries most assiduously to disguise is that of successful businesswoman. She is quote

16、d as having once said: “Part of the reason Im successful is because Im a good businesswoman but I dont think it necessary for people to know that. “ The girl who arrived in New York with a fistful of dollars is and has been a publisher, music mogul, TV executive, merchandising magnate, film producer

17、 and is one of the richest woman on the planet. She is every inch the conventional self-made tycoon (企业界大亨 ): cautious in her investments, conservative in her spending, controlling every part of her multi-million dollar empire. Indeed Madonna is a classic capitalist conforming to all the rules, neve

18、r putting a foot wrong, running her life like clockwork. Like a typical cigar-chomping ( 口咬雪茄 ) company chairman, she is the first to arrive and the last to leave while every evening she sits down and lists her goals for the next day. The girl who lived off popcorn and dressed in hand-me-downs has n

19、o intention of squandering her fortune, keeping well clear of the extravagant and the speculative. Unlike her adventurous public image, Madonna is a prudent investor who has eschewed the stock market for the safety of interest-bearing government bonds. She was not one of those who got their fingers

20、burnt in the Internet bubble indeed she was so slow out of the starting blocks that she had to sue for the rights to her domain name, madonna, compreferring to keep her other assets in property and art. While paintings may be her sin,“ as she says: “Financially it is an excellent investment, as well

21、 as something sumptuous to admire every day. “ However, her shrewd approach has led her to lose numerous paintings because she refused to pay the asking price. It is now the same with property. When she first came to live in London she was so shocked by the high prices that on several occasions she

22、lost out on homes she liked because her offers were unrealistically low. Like other self-reliant and self-made millionaires, Madonna believes that work has its own dignity. Thus, although she sends her maternal grandmother Elsie Fortin money every month and has bought her and other elderly relatives

23、 TVs and other home comforts,Madonna is reluctant to featherbed family and friends. (418 words) 6 Madonna is everything EXCEPT_. （ A） a celebrity （ B） an investor （ C） a businesswoman （ D） a stateswoman 7 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） She lavishes on her riches. （ B） She became famous

24、and rich due to her ability to sing beautifully. （ C） She is a versatile woman. （ D） She is very tight with money so that she never supports her family. 8 What can be concluded from the sixth paragraph? （ A） The house in London which she liked was so expensive that she couldnt afford it. （ B） She te

25、nds to insist on her own judgment. （ C） She is an unrealistic woman. （ D） She is too shrewd to be acceptable to others. 9 Why is Madonna reluctant to support her family and friends? （ A） Because she prefers maternal grandmother to her own mother. （ B） Because she shows pity on the old-aged rather th

26、an on the middle-aged. （ C） Because she hates a person living on others without his or her own great efforts. （ D） Because she wants to follow other self-reliant and self-made millionaires. 10 The chief purpose of this passage is_. （ A） to prove that Madonna is a prudent and shrewd woman （ B） to sho

27、w she is one of the richest women on the planet （ C） to reveal Madonnas most assiduously disguised talent of business （ D） to give us a true picture of Madonna 10 Work at home moms face challenges that are very unique. The decision to work outside the home or stay with your children is difficult, wi

28、th each option having advantages and disadvantages. If you stay home you may lose income and you will lose interaction with fellow employees, and if you work outside the home you live with separation from your children and pay caregiver expenses. Many women are choosing to work at home and finding t

29、he right opportunity is the first step in finding success as a work at home mom. You could use the knowledge and skills you have and become a consultant, develop a career in design or writing, telecommute to a job, or start a home-based business. The opportunities are endless. It can be difficult fo

30、r a work at home mom to balance home, family, and career. Even if you are not a parent it is hard to find time for a personal life when you operate a home-based business. It is very easy to become consumed by your work when you work from home and it can be a challenge to find time for yourself and y

31、our family. To successfully balance a home and career you must create a work schedule. Decide what hours will be set aside for work and try hard to stick to that time-frame. Its very beneficial to create a boundary between work and home. Setting a work schedule will give you a routine to follow. To

32、give yourself the opportunity to socialize and meet new people, try getting involved with community or other volunteer activities. If you do not get out of the house regularly you may begin to resent your work and your family obligations. During your workday, take short breaks to get up and move aro

33、und. A simple stretching routine or a short walk will do wonders for your outlook. It will be necessary for you to deliberately schedule time for personal activities such as reading, picnics, or exercise. By adding these activities and free time to your schedule you will ensure that you get some muc

34、h needed “mommy“ time and that your family spends quality time together. You will find that if your leisure and family time suffer too much, your relationships will suffer as well. Make time for the fun things and times shared with children and family. If you implement these ideas into your life as

35、a work at home mom, you will be better able to achieve balance between work and your home life. (419 words) 11 What is the possible title for this passage? （ A） How to Balance a Home and Career. （ B） Staying at Home Can Also Be a Good Choice. （ C） Some Tips for Becoming a Home Mom. （ D） Home Life Co

36、mes First before Work. 12 What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? （ A） To illustrate that housewives dont want to stay home. （ B） To show many moms prefer to work at home. （ C） To present the advantages and disadvantages of being at home as a housewife. （ D） To show many moms like to take t

37、heir housework as their lull-time job. 13 What is NOT “a home-based business“? （ A） Doing online marketing at home. （ B） Making things with hands for sale at home. （ C） Write books at home. （ D） Baby-sitting children in another home. 14 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （

38、A） It is impossible to find a job at home. （ B） It is very difficult to find time to enjoy yourself if you have a job outside. （ C） The most important for a housewife is to balance work and career. （ D） Keeping a timetable is an effective way for a work-at-homc mom. 15 To whom the passage is most li

39、kely addressed? （ A） To people in general. （ B） To newly-married women. （ C） To moms who want to have a job. （ D） To those women who work both at home and outside. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 19答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第一旬就点了 “技术术语 ”，所以文章的主题就是 “专业术语 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A

40、 【试题解析】 文章最后一句提到 “我们的普通语言总是在不断地采纳新术语，并使它们成为普通语言 ”，这与选项 A“成为普通语言的一部分 ”相符。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考最后一段倒数第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段第一和第二句：新术语一旦完成它们的临时需要，就会 被人们无情地抛弃，很少能进入一般文献或日常对话当中。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 全文从头至尾都在讲述技术术语的情况，故选 A“描述一个现象 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 D 【

41、试题解析】 麦当娜不是女政治家。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 A“她挥霍钱财 ”与第三段最后一句 “她不喜欢挥霍钱财，从不奢侈 ”不符。 D“她小气 ”与第一段她向 911事件的受害者捐款 和赡养她婆婆事例不符。她不扶持家人或朋友是因为她认为他们有劳动能力。 B项也是不对的，因为歌唱得好不是她成名有钱的唯一原因。 C中的 versatile是 “多才多艺 “之意，符合对麦当娜的描写，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 她失去了许多油画和房产不是她付不起，而是她有自己的主见和想法，故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答

42、案】 C 【试题解析】 参考文章最后一段第一句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【 试题解析】 文章对 A、 B和 C项的内容都提到过，但 D项更全面。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从文章第一句就可以看出，文章是写给 “家庭妈妈 ”的，而只有 C项提到 “家庭妈妈 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 在家照顾孩子还是出去工作各有利弊，所以现在很多妇女选择在家里工作，这样两不误。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 名词或地方名词 +based表明 “驻扎在 ”或 “办公室安放在 ”之意，homebased business自然是 “在家办公 ”。 “在别人家看孩子 ”不能算是 “家庭工作 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章第二段明确地说明，在家一边照顾家庭，一边工作的机会很多。作者举出很多例子，例如做咨询工作等。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 这篇文章是劝导妇女们可以一边照顾家庭一边工作，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解