[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷111及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 111及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在 2 000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的 儒家学说 (Confucianism)和以老子和庄子为代表的 道家学说(Taoism)，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上占有一定地位的学说和 学派(doctrine)。这就是有名的 诸子百家 (the mastershundred schools)。从孔夫子到 孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想和品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。例如：强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公。 2 改革开放政策 (the r

2、eform and opening-up policy)使中国经济迅猛增长，令中国社会发生了巨大变化。同时，越来越多的 民工 (rural migrant worker)离开农村到城市工作，在城市中从事建筑工人、工厂工人、餐厅服务员和司机的工作。他们跟城市劳动者一起，把中国变成了世界工厂，为中国经济的快速增长作出了巨大贡献。然 而，这一庞大群体却面临诸多问题，如缺乏工伤赔偿和子女就学难等。 3 据可靠数据，中国餐饮业 2012年一年浪费的食物相当于两亿多人一年的口粮。面对严重的食物浪费，北京一家民间公益组织利用微博发起了一项反对浪费的行动一一 “光盘 ”行动 (“clean your plat

3、e”campaign)。 “光盘 ”行动提倡节约，反对浪费，呼吁人们把宴会后没吃完的剩菜带回家，在社会上得到了广泛响应。人们纷纷行动起来，就连餐馆也出现了 小份菜 (smaller dish)、 半份菜(half-portioned dish)和 拼盘菜 (assorted dish)来反对食物浪费。 4 中国功夫是中国特有的一项运动，距今已有 1 000多年的历史。它可以锻炼身体，增强意志力，训练打斗技巧。练习功夫有各种各样的 固定套路 (set exercises)，有的要 赤手空拳 (bare-handed)，有的要拿武器。中国的劳动人民热衷于练习中国功夫以强身健体和保护自己。中国功夫还

4、引起了外国人的兴趣，在全世界不少国家，都有人学习。很多西方人认识中国文化首先是 从了解中国功夫开始的。中国功夫是中国人民对世界文化的重要贡献，影响深远。 5 老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知 节节高攀的医疗和 养老金 (pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。最令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺，劳动力市场不稳定，生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严重威胁。中国的平均收人水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。 大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 111答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【

5、正确答案】 The traditional culture of Chinese nation is extensive and profound, and it has a long history. More than 2 000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism represented by Laozi and Zhuangzi, as well as many other theories and doctrines that f

6、igured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, which is referred to as “the masters hundred schools“. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, the traditional culture of Chinese nation presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stres

7、s on the kindness and love, on the community, and on that the world belongs to all. 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 The reform and opening-up policy brings rapid economic growth and great social changes to China. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of rural migrant workers have left their land in the country

8、side to work in cities as construction and factory workers, restaurant staff and drivers. Together with urban labors, they turn China into the factory of the world and contribute a lot to Chinas fast-growing economy. However, the huge group is facing various problems such as a lack of workplace inju

9、ry compensation and difficult schooling for their children. 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Reliable data indicates that food wasted in catering business of China in 2012 is equivalent to the amount consumed by more than 200 million people during one year. Faced with the serious problem of food waste, a non-pro

10、fit folk organization in Beijing launched an anti-waste initiative dubbed “clean your plate“ campaign through microblog. This campaign calls for people to take leftovers home after banquet so as to advocate thrift and fight against waste, and has received an extensive response from the public. Many

11、people take actions immediately. Even restaurants have begun to fight against wasting food by offering smaller dishes, half-portioned dishes and assorted dishes. 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Kung Fu (or Chinese martial arts), a unique national sport to China, has a history of more than 1 000 years. Kung Fu h

12、elps people build strong body, boost the willpower and practice fighting skills. Kung Fu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either bare-handed or with weapons. The working people in China are keen on practicing it for physical training and self-defense. Chinese martial arts have also ar

13、oused interest among foreigners and been taught in many countries throughout the world. Many Westerners start to know Chinese culture with the acquaintance of martial arts. Kung Fu is an important contribution made by Chinese people to the world culture and the impact of it is far-reaching. 【知识模块】 汉

14、译英 5 【正确答案】 The fiscal constraints to a nation related to the aging of population are well known, namely spiraling healthcare and pension costs. However, the influences of aging are much more than this. In an aging society, labor markets, saving patterns and migration flows will change. Most worryingly, labor shortage, unstable labor market and declining productivity pose serious threats to the development. Aging of population in China is particularly complex because the average income of Chinese still stays at a low level. 【知识模块】 汉译英