[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷183及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷 183及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment I. Definition of culture Culture is a group which shapes a persons【 T1】 _【 T
3、1】 _ Cultural identities originate from race,【 T2】 _, gender, etc.【 T2】 _ II. Cultural assumptions Cause of cultural conflicts: differences in values and【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Example A: Women wrote excellent proposal but they failed in interview part They preferred to have【 T4】 _ before being questioned【 T
4、4】 _ Example B: A city in Alaska celebrated 200th year of fur Russian trader Native Indian tribe was offended The activity implied there was no【 T5】 _ before【 T5】 _ III. Identifying cultural conflicts Three dimensions of cultural conflicts A. content B.【 T6】 _ issues【 T6】 _ C. clash of values Three
5、signs of identifying conflicts complex combinations of【 T7】 _ about behaviors【 T7】 _ If the previous two dimensions do not resolve the conflict, then cultural differences are the root cause 【 T8】 _ still causes conflict and emotion【 T8】 _ IV. Resolving cultural conflicts Resolution 1:【 T9】 _ the cul
6、tural dimension【 T9】 _ acknowledgment that the conflict contains a cultural dimension all sides are【 T10】 _ to deal with all conflict dimensions【 T10】 _ systematic phased work is needed Four phases: A.【 T11】 _ of each others【 T11】 _ B. Understand cultural perception of both sides C. Know how problem
7、s are handled【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ D. Develop conflict solutions Resolution 2: Learning about other cultures Knowledge could be obtained from training programs, reading, talking and【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ Acquiring a broad knowledge of【 T14】 _, not stereotyping【 T14】 _ Resolution 3: Altering practices and proce
8、dures in the organizations 【 T15】 _ change is necessary to make system culturally sensitive【 T15】_ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 Four Characteristics of Culture I. Culture is shared Region, clima
9、te and【 T1】 _ form a set of values and beliefs【 T1】 _ Culture does not belong to a single individual II. Culture is learned Culture is not born or【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ Culture is【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Example: People【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ People invent better technologies People learn from the past generation III. Culture
10、s change Example:【 T5】 _vs. primitive【 T5】 _ Causes of cultural changes: the regular【 T6】 _ of cultural traits【 T6】 _ Different rates of cultural changes among nations e.g. Germans are【 T7】 _to adopt new words, while【 T7】 _ French people are resistant to it Two ways of cultural changes a)Inventions
11、within a society b)【 T8】 _ cultural traits from one society to another【 T8】 _ Impact of changes: a changed trait will affect another Reason: cultural traits are functionally【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Example: resisted【 T10】 _ opportunities for women【 T10】 _ in North America and Europe IV. Cultures are【 T11】 _【
12、T11】 _ Examples: a)Tribes in New Guinea and upper Amazon Basin were【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ b)Tribal people now buy clothes and【 T13】 _produced【 T13】 _ by multinationals Consequence: a)Societies are【 T14】 _ cultural traits from the economic powers【 T14】 _ b)Small indigenous cultures have disappeared due to
13、the shared global culture c)Major cultures will survive because of【 T15】 _ and ethnocentrism【 T15】_ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷 183答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this sect
14、ion you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically ac
15、ceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment Good morning, everyone. Today I will discuss cultural dimension in conflict and its resolution in application to local government
16、 entities. The demographic and cultural attitudes of the U.S. population are changing. Current statistical research shows that one out of four Americans is of Hispanic origin or a person of color. They would constitute the majority of the American population by the middle of the 21st century. The “m
17、elting pot“ concept never became the reality. Currently, many groups prefer to maintain their traditions and beliefs and resist assimilation into Eurocentric or Anglo culture. Those demographic and perceptional changes create the necessity for governmental agencies to develop a better understanding
18、of cultural differences and conflicts promoted by them. In todays talk, I will briefly touch upon the definition of culture, cultural assumptions, and identify and resolve cultural conflicts. First of all, the definition of culture.1Culture is a group which shapes a persons values and identity. A si
19、ngle term used to define a particular culture is often exclusive. For example, the term “Hispanic“ does not take into account cultural differences between Cuban-Americans and Mexican-Americans. Cultural identities can stem from the following differences:2race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, cou
20、ntry of origin and geographic region. Secondly, about cultural assumptions.3Cultural conflicts arise because of the differences in values and norms of behavior of people from different cultures. A person acts according to the values and norms of his or her culture; another person holding a different
21、 worldview might interpret his or her behavior from an opposite standpoint. This situation creates misunderstanding and can lead to conflict. Often people of the mainstream America, the Anglo culture, perceive their behaviors and beliefs as an ultimate norm, forgetting that Anglo culture is just one
22、 of the multiple cultures existing in the USA They are often unable to perceive their own cultural distinctiveness. For example, a group of women wrote an excellent and detailed proposal, but did badly during the interview part of the evaluation. It happened because those women came from a culture w
23、here establishing personal relationships precedes business relationships.4These women felt uncomfortable when government officials did not allow time for casual conversation and immediately moved toward firing questions at them. The following case exemplifies how unintentionally one cultural group c
24、an hurt the feelings of the other. The city of Kenai, Alaska was planning a celebration of 200 years since the first Russian fur traders came to the region.5A Native Indian tribe which lived in Alaska for a thousand years was offended by the implication that before the Russians came to the region th
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- 外语类 试卷 专业 英语 听力 模拟 183 答案 解析 DOC
