[外语类试卷]2004年11月笔译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2004年 11月笔译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered

2、a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds a

3、nd in some cases thousands of years to build. Many of the worlds coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the worlds highest seamountsareas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine lifeare also found

4、in the deep ocean. These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from

5、500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems. Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food

6、products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching e

7、verything in their path while simultaneously crashing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor. Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phen

8、omenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the f

9、ishing industry. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Most of the worlds victims of AIDS liveand, at an alarming rate, diein Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on

10、AIDS (UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling. AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and K

11、enya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africawhere it was called “slim“, after the appearance of victims wasting awaywithin a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theo

12、ry of the origin of the virus and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled. Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of

13、 all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-

14、restraint. An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them. Funds for anti-AIDS effo

15、rts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the

16、 spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted. 3 As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the

17、war on poverty. We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas. Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and diseas

18、e by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances. Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their ow

19、n. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way. I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling. In the m

20、id-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent. Then several things happened. We decided at

21、the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006nine years ahead of the global target. Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight

22、years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Banks enhanced H1PC (heavily indebted poor countries) Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program (PEDP). The governments political will was ev

23、idenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction interventions rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools. Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This

24、 gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化在曲折中发展。科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应对的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不

25、稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。 当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产 业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 中国目前已经建成 1.9万公里公路。自 1990年以来，中国每年都要新增

26、 3700公里公路。到 2020年公路网将连接中国所有主要城市。中国公路总里程将仅次于美国，达到 55000公里。 高速公路网将带来深远的影响。城市带将形成；人们的生 活方式将会发生变化；枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。 许多国际开发商支持这种看法。世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。 在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。 6 长期以

27、来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。在过去的 几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。 为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。 传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其它机构也蓬勃开展。这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。 尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。一批新药已在亚洲各地 接受试验。 2004年 11月笔译二级实务真题试卷答案与

28、解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即 200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。但与此同时，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年产生的一切毁灭。 例 如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 这些深海生态系统为鱼类

29、和其它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，也保护它们免遭强大海流和猎食者的侵袭。此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探且极脆弱的生态系统中。 当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时 如新食品和新药品，这些地区却 面临着永远消失的危险。由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒人海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所

30、。 因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。如能赶紧采取措施防止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。这些好处将远远超过渔业短期内需承担的花费。 【试题解析】 1 Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 fee

31、t, or about 200 meters现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即 200米深的海底生存着大 量多种多样的物种。 理解结构采分点。 原文是简单句，译为复合句。原文中的介词短语 with.可译为时间状语从句。 benefit指 “优越条件，优越性 ”，根据上下文意译成 “发展 ”； allow for指 “在计算、估算、考虑时包括 ” ，翻译时不必译出，如果译出，在目标语中是多余的，语句也不通顺。 2 .technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, in

32、to areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则 理解结构采分点。 technology has also enabled fishermen to reach的主语是物 technology，翻译时可用人 fishermen做主语，更符合汉语习惯，即， “渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达 ”。译文中的 “进行海底拖网

33、捕捞 ”实际上是根据上文 area的意思，其后面应该跟表示目的的语句，因此，把从句的主语 bottom trawls重复翻译很必要。 3 It is also estimated that roughly half of the worlds highest seamountsareas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine lifeare also found in the deep ocean此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 理解结构

34、采分点。 采用重组翻译法。原文中的同位语从句 areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life放在最后，翻译成一个独立的句子。这样可以避免因句子结构复杂，逻辑关系混乱造成意义不清。 4 shelter 生 存。 用词选词采分点。 shelter通常指 “遮蔽处 ”，根据上下文，这里译成 “生存 ”更好。字典中所给出的词义，在翻译中只是参考，词语的选择和使用词要依据语境而定。下句中的harbor一词的翻译，也是如此。 harbor指 “心怀；在港内停留 ”，在原文中它所描述的是 “生命宝库

35、”，所以，译成 “蕴藏 ”是最合适的了。 5 Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever当我们现在刚刚开始

36、认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时 如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。 理解结构采分点。 介词短语 along with the potential benefits.中的过去分词 found与其后面的成分，可以翻译成一个动宾结构和从句的谓语 beginning to recognize后的成分并列。介词短语 in the form of译成 “例如，比如 ”。 6 With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and t

37、o trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and sea mounts that provide critical h

38、abitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒人海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。 理解结构采分点。 本句用现在分词短语、介词短语和不定式短语作状语的情况较多，翻译时应注意他们在句子中的成分及作用。句首的介词短语和不定式短语 “With e

39、nhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before”应译成两个并列的表原因的完整句子。由 catching， crushing， breaking引导的现在分词短语应同 动词 begin一起翻译成并列的谓语，这样更符合汉语连动式结构。定语从句 that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life th

40、at inhabit the deep ocean floor译成独立的句子。 7 Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。 理解结构采分点。 这里的原因状语从句本来就是符合汉语的习惯，所以不用改变语序。一般情况刀；英语总是结果在前而原因在后，在这种情况下，汉语译文就要按汉语习惯调整顺序。原文中还有定语从句被译为加 “的 ”的定语短语。 8 the high s

41、eas公海。 基本素质采分点。 常用地理知识词汇。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计， 2003年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到 2660万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。 1981年艾滋病的出现在世界

42、上得到确认，没过几年， 这种病就在非洲东部流行起来 当地人管它叫 “瘦病 ”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩；这场争论至今还远未结束。 整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。 在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡 “自愿就医检查 ”，这项活动，有 的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医

43、学研究也已找到厂一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。 “全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会 ”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于 2001年发起成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。 【试题解析】 1 people living with AIDS 理解结构采分点。 根据上下文 ，这里的主语指的是 “艾滋病人 ”，而不是 “和艾滋病人生活在一起的人们 ”。 2 New figures to be published by the United Nations Join

44、t Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不

45、变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 理解结构采分点。 同位语 the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic可以被翻译成一个独立的句子，放在译文的开头，即， “联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构 ”；翻译时，要注意修饰主语的动词不定式 to be published。不定式多表示将来要发生的动作，所以，译文应是 “将要公布的 ”。 whether一词可以不译出。 3 the United Nations Joint

46、 Program on AIDS(UNAIDS)联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署。 用词选词采分点。 专有名词翻译。 4 AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还

47、包括博茨瓦纳和赞比 亚。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个含有两个分句的并列句。泽文应是一个完整的长句，内含三个独立 短句。原文的第一个分句中的独立主格结构 with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers译成独立的句子与其他两个分句并列。 5 Zimbabwe and Kenya津巴布韦和肯尼亚。 基本素质采分点。 Zimbabwe(津巴布韦 )， Kenya(肯尼亚 )均为表国家的 专有名词。 6 AIDS was raging in Eastern Africawhere it was

48、 called “slim“, after the appearance of victims wasting awaywithin a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981 1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来 当地人管它叫 “瘦病 ”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消 瘦。 理解结构采分点。 采用重组翻译法。首先把状语 within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 198

49、1的译文放在整个大句的句首，然后再译主句，最后译破折号之间部分， where引导的从句要译成一个原因句。 after引导的介词短语要翻译成表示原因的从句，即， “因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦 ”。摆脱了原文和句子形式的约束，能使译文结构清楚、流畅、自然。 7 slim瘦病。 用词选词采分点。 slim本意指 “苗条、纤细 ”。文中加上引号表示特殊意义。后文说得了这种病的“患者的容貌是日渐消瘦 ”，那么综合来看，译为 “瘦病 ”是很好，也是很自然的。 8 Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个简单句，但译文应把主语及作定语的现在分词短语 Measures being taken all over A