ASTM C373-2014 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption Bulk Density Apparent Porosity and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles《焙烧卫生.pdf
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1、Designation: C373 14Standard Test Method forWater Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, andApparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products,Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C373; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for determini
3、ngwater absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, and apparentspecific gravity of fired unglazed whiteware products, glazedor unglazed ceramic tiles, and glass tiles.1.2 The values stated in metric units are normative. Thevalues given in parentheses are mathematical conversions toinch-pound units
4、 that are provided for information only and arenot normative.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 Measurement of density, porosity, and specific gravity isa tool for determining the degree of maturation of a ceramicbody, or for determining structural properties that may berequired for a given application.3. Apparatus and Ma
6、terials3.1 Balance, of adequate capacity, suitable to weigh accu-rately to 0.01 g (0.00002 lb).3.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 150 65C (302 6 9F).3.3 Wire Loop, Halter, or Basket, capable of supportingspecimens under water for making suspended mass measure-ments.3.4 Suspended Mass
7、Container (If Determination of Sus-pended Mass is Desired)A glass beaker or similar containerof such size and shape that the sample, when suspended fromthe balance by the wire loop, specified in 3.3, is completelyimmersed in water with the sample and the wire loop com-pletely free of contact with an
8、y part of the container.3.5 Stainless Steel Boiling Container, suitable for boilingwater and with sufficient capacity to hold the test specimensand quantity of water specified in 5.2. The container shall beequipped with a loose removable cover which does not allowpressure to build.3.6 Deionized (DI)
9、 Water.3.7 Leather Chamois.3.8 Heat Source, such as a hot plate, burner, or equivalent toheat the water to boiling.3.9 Desiccator, a sealed chamber containing desiccantswhich is of sufficient size and capacity to allow specimens tocool while preventing the specimens from absorbing moisturefrom ambie
10、nt air.4. Test Specimens4.1 Ceramic Whitewares4.1.1 At least five representative test specimens shall beselected that have not been previously tested. The specimensshall be unglazed and shall have as much of the surface freshlyfractured as is practical. Sharp edges or corners shall beremoved. The sp
11、ecimens shall contain no cracks. The indi-vidual test specimens shall weigh at least 50 g.4.2 Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles4.2.1 The specimens shall contain no visible damage orcracks prior to testing. At least five representative test speci-mens shall be selected that have not been previously teste
12、d.Cutting of specimens, as described in the following sections,shall consist of scoring and snapping, or sawing when impos-sible to score and snap with conventional tile scoring equip-ment (as can be the case with some glass tiles and highlytextured and structured porcelain tiles).4.2.2 For tiles le
13、ss than or equal to 205 205 mm (8 8in.), specimens shall be cut in half, within 10 mm (0.4 in).Specimens shall be cut perpendicular to the longest side if thespecimen has unequal sides. Select one half at random fromeach specimen for testing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committ
14、ee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C373 88 (20
15、06).DOI: 10.1520/C0373-14.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2.3 For tiles greater than 205 205 mm (8 8 in.) and lessthan or equal to 410 410 mm (16 16 in.), each specimenshall be cut into four equal quadrants, within 1
16、0 mm (0.4 in).Select one quadrant at random from each specimen for testing.4.2.4 For tiles greater than 410 410 mm (16 16 in.), a205 205 mm (8 8 in.) portion, within 10 mm (0.4 in), shallbe cut from one corner of each specimen for testing.4.2.5 For non-square tiles which have a side less than orequa
17、l to 205 mm (8 in.) and a side greater than 205 mm (8 in.),each specimen shall be cut once perpendicular to the longestside, such that a 205 mm (8 in.) portion, within 10 mm (0.4 in),from the end remains.4.2.6 If a tile does not weigh at least 50 g (0.11 lb) prior tocutting, then multiple whole piec
18、es may be used to equal onetest specimen with a mass of at least 50 g (0.11 lb).5. Procedure5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant mass (Note 2)byheating in an oven at 150 6 5C (302 6 9F) for a minimumof 24 h (or such other time as has been established for the ovenin use and the mass of the tiles be
19、ing dried), followed bycooling in a desiccator. Determine the dry mass, D,tothenearest 0.01 g (0.00002 lb) (see Note 1).NOTE 1Specimens being tested directly following their manufacturemay be considered fully dried so long as they have not been subjected toany process that wets the specimen post fir
20、ing (such as can occur in cuttingand polishing operations) and are placed in a desiccator sufficientlyquickly (usually within no more than 30 minutes of exiting the kiln) thatno moisture has been absorbed from ambient air.NOTE 2The drying of the specimens and the determination of theirmasses may be
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