ASTM C330 C330M-2014 Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete《结构混凝土用轻质集料的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: C330/C330M 13C330/C330M 14Standard Specification forLightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C330/C330M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime consider

3、ations arereducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are notintended for job control of concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in

4、 eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as sta

5、ndard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 1This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory ligh

6、tweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be eithermore or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of whichis based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in AggregateC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Con

8、crete SpecimensC40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specifi

9、c Gravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in AggregatesC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-C

10、ement Mortar and ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC496/C496M Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC567 Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight ConcreteC641 Test Method for Iron Stai

11、ning Materials in Lightweight Concrete AggregatesC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and ThawingC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3. Aggregate Types3.1 Two general types of lightweight aggregates are cov

12、ered by this specification, as follows:1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.21 onLightweight Aggregates and Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013April 15, 2014. Published

13、 January 2014May 2014. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 asC33009.13. DOI: 10.1520/C0330_C0330M-13.10.1520/C0330_C0330M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of

14、 ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technicall

15、y possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stand

16、ardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash,shale, or slate, and3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by proces

17、sing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff.3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.4. Chemical Composition4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by the fol

18、lowinglimits:4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C40)Lightweight aggregates that, upon being subjected to test for organic impurities,produce a color darker than the standard shall be rejected, unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is due to small quantitiesof materials not harmful to t

19、he concrete.4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C641)An aggregate producing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be rejected when the depositedstain is found upon chemical analysis to contain an iron content, expressed as Fe2O3 equal to or greater than 1.5 mg/200 g ofsample.4.1.3 Loss on Ignition (Test Metho

20、ds C114)The loss on ignition of lightweight aggregates shall not exceed 5 %.NOTE 2Some aggregates may contain carbonates or water of hydration that contribute to loss on ignition but may not affect the quality of the product.Therefore, when evaluating an aggregate, consideration should be given to t

21、he material characteristics that cause the ignition loss.5. Physical Properties5.1 Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet the following requirements:5.1.1 Clay Lumps and Friable ParticlesThe total amount of clay lumps and friable particles shall not exceed 2 % by dry mass.5.1.2 GradingThe gradi

22、ng shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 3The surfaces of pyro-processed lightweight aggregate particles finer than 75 m (No. 200) sieves are not deleterious and may be moderatelypozzolanic.5.1.3 Uniformity of GradingTo ensure reasonable uniformity in the grading of successive ship

23、ments of lightweight aggregate,fineness modulus shall be determined on samples taken from shipments at intervals stipulated by the purchaser. If the finenessmodulus of the aggregate in any shipment differs by more than 7 % from that of the sample submitted for acceptance tests, theaggregate in the s

24、hipment shall be rejected, unless the supplier demonstrates that it will produce concrete of the requiredcharacteristics.5.1.4 Loose Bulk Density (Test Method C29/C29M)The dry loose bulk density of lightweight aggregates shall conform to therequirements shown in Table 2 using a 14 L 12 cubic foot me

25、asure.5.1.5 Uniformity of Loose Bulk DensityThe dry loose bulk density of lightweight aggregate shipments sampled and tested,shall not differ by more than 10 % from that of the sample submitted for acceptance tests, and shall not exceed the limits in Table2.5.1.6 Density FactorRelative DensityWhen s

26、pecified, the relative density factor shall be determined in accordance with8.10.5.2 Concrete specimens containing lightweight aggregate under test shall meet the following requirements:5.2.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C39/C39M), Density (Test Method C567), and Splitting Tensile Strength (Tes

27、t MethodC496/C496M) Compressive strength and density shall be an average of three specimens and the splitting tensile strength shallbe the average of eight specimens. It shall be possible to produce structural concrete using the lightweight aggregates under test,so that from the same batch of concre

28、te one or more of the compressive strength requirements and splitting tensile strengthrequirements in Table 3 will be satisfied without exceeding the corresponding maximum density values.NOTE 4Intermediate values for strength and corresponding density values shall be established by interpolation. Ma

29、terials that do not meet theTABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Lightweight Aggregate for Structural ConcreteNominal Size DesignationPercentages (Mass) Passing Sieves Having Square Openings25.0 mm(1 in.)19.0 mm(34 in.)12.5 mm(12 in.)9.5 mm(38 in.)4.75 mm(No. 4)2.36 mm(No. 8)1.18 mm(No. 16)300 m(No. 50)

30、150 m(No. 100)75 m(No. 200)Fine aggregate:4.75 mm to 0 . . . 100 85100 . 4080 1035 525 .Coarse aggregate:25.0 m to 4.75 mm 95100 . 2560 . 010 . . . . 01019.0 mm to 4.75 mm 100 90100 . 1050 015 . . . . 01012.5 mm to 4.75 mm . 100 90100 4080 020 010 . . . 0109.5 mm to 2.36 mm . . 100 80100 540 020 010

31、 . . 010Combined fine and coarse aggregate:12.5 mm to 0 . 100 95100 . 5080 . . 520 215 0109.5 mm to 0 . . 100 90100 6590 3565 . 1025 515 010C330/C330M 142minimum average splitting tensile strength requirement may be used provided the design is modified to compensate for the lower value.5.2.2 Natural

32、 Aggregates Natural aggregates, when used to replace part, or all, of the lightweight-aggregates shall complywith the applicable requirements of Specification C33. The test report shall record the proportion of all ingredients and thecharacteristics of the natural aggregates to ensure compliance wit

33、h these minimum requirements.5.2.3 Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage of concrete specimens prepared, cured, and tested in accordance with 8.4 shallnot exceed 0.07 %.5.2.4 PopoutsConcrete specimens prepared in accordance with 8.4 and 8.5, and tested in accordance with Test Method C151shall show n

34、o surface popouts.5.2.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingWhen required, the aggregate supplier shall demonstrate by test or proven fieldperformance that the lightweight aggregate when used in concrete, had the necessary resistance to freezing and thawing to performsatisfactorily in its intended use

35、.6. Sampling6.1 Sample lightweight aggregates in accordance with Practice D75.6.2 Reduce sample to test sizes in accordance with Practice C702.7. Number of Tests7.1 Tests on AggregatesOne representative sample is required for each test for organic impurities, staining, loss on ignition,grading, bulk

36、 density, and clay lumps.7.2 Tests on ConcreteAt least three specimens are required for each of the following tests of concrete: compressive strength,shrinkage, density, resistance to freezing and thawing, and presence of popout materials. At least eight concrete specimens arerequired for splitting

37、tensile strength tests.8. Test Methods8.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C39/C39M)Make test specimens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M andPractice C31/C31M. Unless otherwise specified, cure specimens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M or Practice C31/C31M,until the time of test. When sp

38、ecified, an alternative curing method is allowed. The alternative method shall be in accordance withPractice C192/C192M or the standard curing procedure in Practice C31/C31M for the first 7 days, after which the specimens shallbe removed from moist curing and stored at 23 6 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F with a r

39、elative humidity of 50 6 5 % until the time oftest.8.2 Splitting Tensile StrengthMake 152 by 305 mm 6 by 12 in. cylindrical test specimens in accordance with PracticeC192/C192M, cure, and test in accordance with Test Method C496/C496M.TABLE 2 Maximum Dry Loose Bulk Density Requirements ofLightweight

40、 Aggregates for Structural ConcreteSize DesignationMaximum Dry LooseBulk Densitykg/m3lb/ft3Fine aggregate 1120 70Coarse aggregate 880 55Combined fine and coarse aggregate 1040 65TABLE 3 Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile StrengthRequirementsCalculatedEquilibriumDensitymax, kg/m3lb/ft3Average

41、 28-daySplitting TensileStrength, min,MPa psiAverage 28-dayCompressiveStrength, min,MPa psiAll Lightweight Aggregate1760 110 2.2 320 28 40001680 105 2.1 300 21 30001600 100 2.0 290 17 2500Combination of Normal Weight and Lightweight Aggregates1840 115 2.3 330 28 40001760 110 2.1 310 21 30001680 105

42、2.1 300 17 2500C330/C330M 1438.3 Density of Concrete (Test Method C567)Follow the procedures in Test Method C567.8.4 Shrinkage of Concrete (Test Method C157/C157M)Follow the procedures of Test Method C157/C157M with thefollowing exceptions:8.4.1 Prepare the concrete mixture using 335 kg of cement/m3

43、 564 lb/yd3, admixture (if any), and with an air content of 6 61 %. Adjust the water content so as to produce a slump of 50 to 100 mm 2 to 4 in. Thoroughly consolidate the concrete in steelmolds not smaller than 50 by 50 mm 2 by 2 in. nor larger than 100 by 100 4 by 4 in. in cross section, and long

44、enough to providea 250 mm 10 in. gauge length. The surface of the concrete shall be steel troweled.8.4.2 CuringTo prevent evaporation of water from the unhardened concrete, cover the specimen with a nonabsorptive,nonreactive plate or sheet of tough, durable, impervious plastic or wet burlap. When we

45、t burlap is used for covering, the burlapmust be kept wet until the specimens are removed from the molds (see Note 5). Remove specimens from the molds not less than20 nor more than 48 h after casting and store in a moist room maintained at 23 6 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F with a relative humidityof not less th

46、an 95 %. At the age of 7 days, remove the specimens from the moist room, measure for length, and store in a curingcabinet maintained at 37.8 6 1.1 C 100 6 2 F with a relative humidity of 32 6 2 %.NOTE 5Placing a sheet of plastic over the burlap will facilitate keeping it wet.NOTE 6The air immediatel

47、y above a saturated solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) at 37.8 C 100 F is approximately 32 % relative humidity.8.4.3 ReportAfter storage in the cabinet for 28 days, remove each specimen and within 15 s, determine its change in lengthto the nearest 0.01 % of the effective gauge length. Report the

48、 change in length as the drying shrinkage of the specimen; reportthe average drying shrinkage of the specimens as the drying shrinkage of the concrete.8.5 Test for Popout MaterialsPrepare concrete specimens for the test for popout materials as described in method forpreparation of samples for shrink

49、age of concrete. Cure and autoclave the specimens in accordance with Test Method C151.Visually inspect the autoclaved specimens for the number of popouts that have developed on the surface. Report the number ofpopouts per specimen.8.6 Test for Freezing and Thawing Make freezing and thawing tests of concrete, when required, in accordance with TestMethod C666/C666M, with the following modification to the section on Test Specimens