ASTM C241-1990(2005) Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic《人行道用石板耐磨性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 241 90 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 241; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the de

3、termination of the abra-sion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, andsimilar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foottraffic.1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this sta

4、ndard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Grav-ity of Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Termi

5、nology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inabrasion resistance between the various building stones. Thistest method also provides one element in comparing stones ofthe same type.5

6、. Apparatus5.1 The abrasion testing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 shall beused. This apparatus consists essentially of a power-drivengrinding lap, A, 10 in. (254 mm) in diameter, which is revolvedat 45 rpm; three specimen holders, B, with superimposedweights; gears, C, for revolving the specimen; and a

7、means offeeding abrasive at a constant rate to the lap. The guide rings,D, are clamped in position slightly above the specimen holders,and the 2000-g weight bearing on the specimen is the com-bined weight of the specimen holder, vertical shaft above withthe attached spur gear, and a weight hopper, E

8、, containingadditional adjustment weights. The frame, F, carrying theguide rings is adjustable vertically to accommodate differentspecimen thicknesses. Gears, C, are adjusted on the shafts foreach specimen thickness, so that they are slightly above theplate, G, throughout the test.6. Sampling6.1 The

9、 sample may be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized agent but shall represent the average quality of thetype or grade of stone under consideration. It shall be ofsufficient size to permit the preparation of at least three testspecimens, and one face should have the finish to be exposedto traff

10、ic. The sample preferably should be 1 in. (25.4 mm)thick and 8 in. (203.2 mm) square.7. Test Specimens7.1 At least three specimens 2 in. (50.8 mm) square andpreferably 1 in. (25.4 mm) in thickness shall be sawed from thesample. The sharp edges shall be rounded by grinding to aradius of approximately

11、132 in. (0.8 mm) in order to preventcrumbling during the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 60 6 2C (140 6 4F). At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue

12、 to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testingthem.9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimens to the nearest 0.01 g; thenplace them in the abrasion testin

13、g apparatus and abrade for 225revolutions of the grinding lap with No. 60 Alundum abrasive1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published Novemb

14、er 2005. Originallyapproved in 1950 as C 241 50 T. Last previous edition approved in 1997 asC 241 90(1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand

15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.AGrinding lap. EWeight hopper.BSpecimen holders. FFrame.CGears. GPlate.DGuide rings.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Abrasion Resistance Test of StoneC

16、 241 90 (2005)2(Norton treatment 138S). Remove the specimens from theapparatus, brush them free of dust, and weigh to the sameprecision as for the original weights.9.2 Place the specimens in water for an hour or more,surface dry them with a towel, and weigh again. Weigh thespecimens in water and cal

17、culate the bulk specific gravity asdescribed in Test Methods C97.NOTE 1Humidity affects the results to some extent in that the rate ofgrinding is higher for higher humidity. For this reason it is advisable tomake the test when the relative humidity is between 30 and 40 %.NOTE 2The supplier of the No

18、. 60 Alundum abrasive, Norton, hasindicated that the formula for Norton treatment 138S has been changed.The new abrasive is currrently more aggressive, resulting in lowerabrasive hardness values (Ha) than when the standard was initiallyestablished. As such, care should be taken when interpreting Hav

19、aluesfrom tests using the new abrasive, particularly with regard to currentASTM stone standard specification requirements for abrasion resistance,which were developed when the original abrasive was still in use.NOTE 3A new abrasion resistance test has been adopted using theTaberAbraser (Test Method

20、C 1353 forAbrasion Resistance of DimensionStone by the Taber Abraser). Preliminary assessments indicate Havaluesestablished by the Test Method C 241 appear to be similar to valuesproduced by Test Method C 1353, however more data are currently beingstudied by Subcommittee C18.03.10. Calculation10.1 C

21、alculate the abrasion resistance of each specimen asfollows (Note 4):Ha5 10 G2000 1 Ws!/2000 Wa(1)where:G = bulk specific gravity of the sample,Ws= average weight of the specimen (original weight plusfinal weight divided by 2), andWa= loss of weight during the grinding operation.NOTE 4The abrasive h

22、ardness value, Ha, is the reciprocal of thevolume of material abraded multiplied by ten. The superimposed weighton the specimen is 2000 g and this is augmented by the weight of thespecimen itself. The correction for the weight of the specimen, included inthe formula, is based on the fact that the ra

23、te of abrasion is directlyproportional to the weight. By basing the abrasive resistance values on thevolumes, rather than the weights abraded, a better comparison is obtainedfor materials that vary considerably in bulk density.11. Report11.1 The average of the tests on individual specimens,expressed

24、 to two significant figures, shall be reported as theabrasive resistance of the sample, but all results shall bereported as information. The report shall identify the type andgrade of stone, its source, and the approximate date of removalfrom the quarry.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variatio

25、ns in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion resistance; durability; stoneASTM International takes no position r

26、especting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Thi

27、s standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inte

28、rnational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown

29、below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 241 90 (2005)3