ASTM C183-2002 Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement《水硬性水泥的取样及检测量的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 183 02Standard Practice forSampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and fo

3、r theamount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has beenmanufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion purposes only.1.2.1 A ton as used in this practice is 907 kg (200

4、0 lb).1.2.2 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement inSI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules forConversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI10, of measurement made in other units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as

5、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 91 Specification for Masonry Cement2C 109/C 109M Test

6、Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)2C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCement2C 115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeter2C 150 Specification for Portland Cement2C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Exp

7、ansion of PortlandCement2C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete3C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortar2C 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of HydraulicCement2C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-ment by V

8、icat Needle2C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability Apparatus2C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)3C 265 Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hy-drated Hydraulic Cement Mortar2C 266 Test Method for

9、 Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles2C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-ment (Paste Method)2C 452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate2C 563 Test Method for Optimum S03in Hydraulic CementUsing 24-h Compressive

10、 Strength2C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements2C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement2C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution2C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement2C 1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco

11、) Cement2C 1329 Specification for Mortar Cement2E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes4IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System52.2 ACI Standard:225.1R Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Ce-ments63. Termino

12、logy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination ofStandards.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallyapproved in 19

13、44. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 183 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.6Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E 11.1Copyri

14、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 lot (of cement)specific quantity of cement offeredfor inspection at any one time. A lot may be one or morestorage bins filled consecutively. A lot may also be the contentsof one or more

15、transport units representing cement drawn fromthe same storage bin.3.1.2 reduced testing ratetest program that provides forthe testing of only two samples from any given lot of samplesobtained and prepared for testing at the normal rate asdescribed herein. The program utilizes probability factors an

16、dis so designed that when results from the two samples fulfill therequirements of the program it may be said with 95 %confidence that less than 5 % of the samples would be outsidethe specification limits.4. Significance and Use4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for usein the procurem

17、ent of samples of hydraulic cement after it hasbeen manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They arenot intended as sampling procedures for quality control pur-poses during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlinedcover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidancefor reportin

18、g on conformance or non-conformance of cementswith requirements of purchase specifications.4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for samplingmasonry cement (Specification C 91), portland cement (Speci-fication C 150), blended hydraulic cement (SpecificationC 595), expansive hydraulic ceme

19、nt (Specification C 845),plastic stucco cement (Specification C 1328), mortar cement(Specification C 1329), and hydraulic cement based on aperformance specification (Specification C 1157).4.3 Most building codes and construction specificationsrequire that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet

20、 theapplicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications,such as Specifications C 91, C 150, C 595, C 1157, C 1328,C 1329, or C 845. If the code or specification requires samplingof the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 areapplicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of

21、 suchsampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling andtesting cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be doneby or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a codeor specification that requires sampling and testing to determineif the sample

22、s conform to the relevant acceptance specifica-tions. The testing is done using specified methods to determinewhether the samples yield test results that conform to thespecification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance orrejection of the lot of material sampled.4.5 It is neither intended n

23、or required that all cements betested using all the test methods referenced in Section 2.5. Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken5.1 A cement sample secured from a conveyor, from bulkstorage, or from a bulk shipment in one operation, shall betermed a “grab sample.” A sample obtained during a 1

24、0-mininterval using an automatic sampling device that continuouslysamples a cement stream may also be termed a grab sample.Grab samples taken at prescribed intervals over a period oftime may be combined to form a “composite sample repre-sentative of the cement produced during that period of time.5.2

25、 All samples, whether grab or composite, shall have amass of at least 5 kg (10 lb).5.3 The purchaser may designate a representative to super-vise the sampling, packing, and shipping of samples when it isso specified in the purchase contract.5.4 Package the samples in moisture-proof, airtight contain

26、-ers numbered consecutively in the order in which the samplesare taken. The purchase contract shall state who will pay for thecosts of sampling, packaging, shipping and testing the samples.NOTE 1Polyvinyl chloride sample containers, upon occasion, havebeen found to affect the air-entraining potentia

27、l of a cement sample. Thesame problem might be experienced with containers made from otherplastics.6. Testing-Time Requirements for the Completion ofTests6.1 When tests of hydraulic cement are made at a laboratoryother than that of the cement manufacturer, the cement sam-pling schedule, sample trans

28、portation time, and sample testingschedule must be coordinated among the purchaser, the manu-facturer, and the testing laboratory so that the tests results willbe available when required.6.2 The manufacturer of the cement shall make the cementavailable to be sampled for testing early enough before t

29、he timethe test results are needed so that at least the applicable timeintervals listed in 6.3 exist.6.3 When this has been done, the testing laboratory shallprovide test results not later than the indicated number of daysafter sampling:Test Methods Time Interval, daysC 109/C 109M (1-day results), C

30、 114, C 115, C 151,C 185,C 191, C 204, C 451, C 265, C 266, C 5638C 109/C 109M (3-day results) 10C 109/C 109M and C186 (7-day results) 14C 227, C452, and C1012 (14-day results) 21C 109/C 109M and C186 (28-day results) 35C 157/C 157M (34-day results) 41C 227 (56-day results) 63C 227 (91-day results)

31、987. Sampling7.1 The cement may be sampled by any of the applicablemethods described in this section.7.1.1 From the Conveyor Delivering to Bulk StorageTakeone grab sample, having a mass of at least 5 kg (10 lb), atapproximately 6-h intervals.7.1.2 Transfer SamplingSample cement in storage whilethe c

32、ement is being transferred from one bin to another. Takeone grab sample from the transfer stream for each 360 Mg (400tons) of cement, or fraction thereof, but take no less than twograb samples and combine them to produce a compositesample.7.1.3 Other Sampling MethodsWhen neither of the abovesampling

33、 methods is applicable, samples may, when authorizedby the purchaser, be taken by one of the following methods:7.1.3.1 From Bulk Storage at Points of DischargeWithdraw cement from the discharge openings in a steadystream until sampling is completed. Estimate the quantity ofcement in Mg to be withdra

34、wn from one discharge opening as0.055 d33 0.2, where d is the depth in metres of cement aboveC183022the discharge opening. If a high circular silo is being sampled,take all samples from one opening. If the quantity of thecement in the bin exceeds 1100 Mg (1200 tons) when lowrectangular bins are bein

35、g sampled, discharge openings em-ployed in the sampling shall be such that for no opening shallthe number of samples represent more than one half thecontents of the bin or more than 1800 Mg (2000 tons). Insampling bulk storage at points of discharge, while the cementis flowing through the openings,

36、take samples at such intervalsso that at least two grab samples shall be secured for each 360Mg (400 tons) in the bin or silo.7.1.3.2 From Bulk Storage and Bulk Shipment by Means ofa Slotted Tube SamplerWhen the depth of the cement to besampled does not exceed 2.1 m (7 ft), obtain samples using aslo

37、tted tube sampler similar to that shown in Fig. 1. It shall bebetween 1.5 and 1.8 m (5 and 6 ft) long and approximately 35mm (138 in.) in outside diameter and consist of two polishedbrass telescopic tubes with registering slots that are opened orclosed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube b

38、eingprovided with a sharp point to facilitate penetration. Takesamples from well-distributed points and various depths of thecement so that the samples taken will represent the cementinvolved.7.1.3.3 From Packaged Cement by Means of TubeSamplerInsert the sampler, shown in Fig. 2, diagonally intothe

39、valve of the bag and place the thumb over the air hole. Thenwithdraw the sampler. Take one sample from a bag in each 4.5Mg (5 tons) or fraction thereof.7.1.3.4 From Bulk Shipment of Car or Truck:(a) (a) Single ShipmentIf only one car or truck is beingloaded and the loading is continuous and all from

40、 the samesource, take a 5-kg (10-lb) sample. If not continuous orunknown, combine five or more portions from different pointsin the load to form the test sample.(b) (b) Multiple ShipmentsWhen the shipment consists ofseveral cars or trucks loaded from the same source and on thesame day, sample the sh

41、ipment at the rate of one sample foreach 90 Mg (100 tons) of cement or fraction thereof, but takenot less than two samples. Consider cement represented bysuch samples as a lot, and test the samples in accordance withthe procedure outlined in the section on Amount of Testing.7.2 Protection of Samples

42、As samples are taken, placethem directly in moisture-proof airtight containers to avoidmoisture absorption and aeration of the sample. If the samplesare placed in cans, fill the can completely and immediatelyseal. Use moisture-proof multiple-wall paper bags or plasticbags if they are strong enough t

43、o avoid breakage, and if theycan be sealed immediately after filling in such a manner as toeliminate excess air in the sample and avoid moisture absorp-tion and aeration of the sample. Samples shall be treated asdescribed in the section on Preparation of Sample.8. Preparation of Sample8.1 Before tes

44、ting, pass each sample through an 850-m(No. 20) sieve,6or any other sieve having approximately thesame size openings, in order to mix the sample, break uplumps, and remove foreign material. Discard the foreignmaterials and hardened lumps that do not break up on sievingor brushing. Store the cement i

45、n airtight moisture-proof con-tainers to prevent aeration or absorption of moisture prior totest.9. Amount of Testing9.1 GeneralWhen required, the purchaser shall specifythe amount of testing for heat of hydration (Test MethodC 186), alkali reactivity (Test Method C 227), and sulfateresistance (Test

46、 Method C 1012). Make all other tests onindividual grab or composite samples chosen as specifiedherein under Selection of Samples for Testing. Do only thosetests required by the applicable specification.9.2 Normal TestingDetermine the number of samples tobe tested in accordance with Table 1. The nor

47、mal testing rateshall be used under the following conditions:9.2.1 Before the quality history has been established,9.2.2 When no samples from a particular mill have beentested within a year,9.2.3 When the quality history is based entirely on datamore than two years old, and9.2.4 When it is deemed ne

48、cessary to recalculate the criticallimit because of indicated lack of control as shown by thecontrol chart of the range.NOTE 2Random grab samples taken at inappropriate times, such asimmediately following the repair or adjustment of manufacturing equip-ment, or from inappropriate places, such as fro

49、m the top surface of thematerial in a car, will not suitably reflect the properties of a cement, andtherefore should not be used as the basis for acceptance or rejection of alot of cement.9.3 Reduced TestingAfter the quality history has beenestablished, test at the reduced testing rate. If the results ofthese tests are within the critical range, make additional tests(total equal to the number of tests at the normal rate as shownin Table 1).FIG. 1 Slotted Tube Sampler for Bulk CementFIG. 2 Tube Sampler for Packaged CementC183023NOTE 3When the quality history indicat