ASTM C1570-2003(2016) Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)《水泥屋面瓦和粘土屋面瓦抗风性能的标准试验方法(透气性法)》.pdf

《ASTM C1570-2003(2016) Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)《水泥屋面瓦和粘土屋面瓦抗风性能的标准试验方法(透气性法)》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ASTM C1570-2003(2016) Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)《水泥屋面瓦和粘土屋面瓦抗风性能的标准试验方法(透气性法)》.pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Designation: C1570 03 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forWind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (AirPermeability Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o

2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a criticalfactor in determining the wind resis

3、tance of tile roofing asapplied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure formeasuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile andslate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deckin accordance with the manufacturers instructions.1.2 This test procedure measures the air perm

4、eability of alaid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. Thetiles or slates shall have a thickness between18-in. (3-mm) and2-in. (51-mm).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units

5、that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the

6、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn2009)3C1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof Tile2.2 SBCCI Standard:SBCCI SSDT 11, SBCCI Test Standard for Det

7、erminingWind Resistance of Concrete or Clay Roof TilesNOTE 1This standard is based on the International Code CouncilsICC/SBCCI SSTD 11 and work derived from the tile industrys testingprograms completed in the Redland Wind Tunnel in the UK.2.3 ASCE Standard:ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings

8、and OtherStructures43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology C43, and Specifications C1167and C1492.4. Principle of the Test Method4.1 Air pressure is applied to the underside of an airpermeable assembly of a specified type of roofing element

9、s.The difference in air pressure across the assembly and thevolume air flow rate are measured and used to determine the airpermeability of the assembly.5. Significance and Use5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructedfrom discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tileand s

10、late roof systems, is a critical factor in determining thewind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roofsystem to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result ofthe overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to theresistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.5

11、.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity,duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond themeans of this test method to simulate.6. Apparatus6.1 A plenum chamber is a rectangular box with a depth ofnot less than 1.64 ft (500 mm) or one-third of the least lateraldimension, w

12、hichever is the greater. The plenum chamber shallbe made airtight except for an open upper face to receive amounting board or cover panel, a tapping for a pressuredifference gage (relative to atmospheric pressure) and a con-nection to an air delivery pipe. The tapping shall be positioned1This test m

13、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.06 on Roofing Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1570 03(200

14、9).DOI: 10.1520/C1570-03R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of thi

15、s historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis internatio

16、nal standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committe

17、e.1to avoid direct alignment with the air delivery pipe. The shapeand area of the mounting surface shall be capable of acceptingthe number of test samples specified in 8.1 as a minimum. Aschematic of the air permeability apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.6.2 An airtight removable cover panel shall be sec

18、uredairtight to the plenum chamber.6.3 An open face mounting board to receive the roofingsubstrate and test samples.6.4 A controllable air flow generator shall be capable ofcontinuously delivering air at a rate such that the upliftoverturning moment on the roofing elements induced by thepressure in

19、the plenum chamber by the air flow is equal andopposite to the dead weight restoring moment.6.5 An airflow meter capable of measuring air volume flowrates in the delivery pipe and having an accuracy of 0.1 ft3/s(0.003 m3/s) or better.6.6 A pressure difference measuring device (such as amanometer) co

20、nnected to the inside and outside of the plenumchamber, capable of measuring a pressure difference of not lessthan 0.15 psi (1000 Pa).6.7 Airtight seals for pipe connections, mounting board andcover panels, and at joints and edges of the roofing assembly.6.8 A weighing device capable of measuring th

21、e deadweight of the roofing elements to the nearest 0.1 lbm (0.05 kg).7. Check on Air-tightness of the Apparatus7.1 Close the top of the plenum chamber by attaching andsealing the edges of the mounting board or cover panel so thatthe plenum chamber is air-tight except where connected to thedelivery

22、pipe.7.2 Supply air from the airflow generator to induce apressure difference between the inside and outside of theplenum chamber at test pressure but not less than 10.5 lbf/ft2(500 Pa). The air tightness of the plenum chamber shall beconsidered satisfactory if this pressure difference is maintained

23、with an air flow-rate not exceeding 0.15 ft3/s (0.004 m3/s).8. Test Specimen8.1 Select, at random, sufficient roofing elements and halfwidth elements, where appropriate, to assemble an array witha minimum of 4 unsealed elements. Roofing elements forcovering the perimeter of the mounting board shall

24、be providedand are to be air-sealed at their appropriate laps, front and sidejoints.NOTE 2Atypical array illustrated for tiles or slates is shown in Fig. 2.This shows 5 unsealed tiles (5 unsealed headlaps and 5 unsealed sidelaps).8.2 Provide sufficient roof element fastening systems, whereappropriat

25、e.8.3 Provide sufficient roof substrate materials, such asbattens and their fasteners.9. Determination of the Critical Uplift PressureDifference, pc, lbf/ft2(Pa)9.1 Weigh each of the roofing elements in the air-drycondition.9.2 Calculate the average weight ( wt), lbm (kg), of a roofingelement.9.3 Ca

26、lculate the upward pressure difference, pc, which isthe critical pressure drop which will just fail to lift an array ofunfixed samples from:pc5 0.9 $wtLg/bgaLu!% (1)where:Lg= distance, ft (m), from the center of gravity of thesample to its uppermost line of support or the top edgeof the batten,b = e

27、xposed width, ft (m), of the roof tile or slate,ga= batten gage, ft (m) which is also the exposed length ofthe tile, andLu= distance, ft (m), from the center of the exposed area ofthe sample to its uppermost line of support or the topedge of the batten.10. Preparation of the Test Assembly10.1 Constr

28、uct the roof substrate without underlayment,underlayment for spaced sheathing, or sheathing boards. Bat-tens shall be laid across the rafters to provide support for theelements. Battens shall be used without sheathing to providesupport for the elements regardless of the roof construction,direct deck

29、 or batten construction. Where the element may belaid to different gages and the test is to be carried out on onlyone gage, set out to the maximum specified gage.10.2 Lay and secure the roofing elements. For doublelapped elements, lay elements with no gap between adjacentelements. For single lap ele

30、ments, lay elements with maximumsidelap in order to produce the minimum exposed width. It isnot necessary to secure the elements with clips unless these areessential to maintain appropriate headlap/sidelap gaps.10.3 Seal against air leakage between peripheral elements tomounting board and to each ot

31、her on all sides.10.4 Adjust the level of the plenum chamber such that themounting board surface is at 100 to the horizontal (612).FIG. 1 Air Permeability Test ApparatusC1570 03 (2016)210.5 Determine the effective area A,ft2(m2), of the roofingelement assembly under test from the formula:A 5 NBga(2)

32、where:N = number of unsealed roofing elements under test,b = exposed width of the roof tile or slate, ft (m), andga= batten gage, ft (m), which is also the exposed length ofthe tile.11. Procedure11.1 Check the air-tightness of the apparatus in accordancewith Section 7.11.2 Supply air from the airflo

33、w generator into the plenumchamber, gradually increasing the rate of supply until thepressure reaches a value equal to pc. See Eq 1 in 9.3.11.3 When the pressure equals pc, record the volume flowrate Qc,ft3/s (m3/s), in the delivery pipe and the pressuredifference in the plenum chamber pc, lbf/ft2(P

34、a). Graduallyreduce the pressure difference to zero.11.4 Repeat the test procedure three times and calculate theaverage value of the air permeability (Cd) from the three testsusing the formula:Cd5QcA12 pcg(3)where: = density of air, lbm/ft3(kg/m3),g = acceleration due to gravity, ft/s2(m/s2), andA =

35、 effective area of the roofing assembly, from Eq 2 in10.5, ft2(m2).12. Criterion for Uplift Coefficient12.1 For an uplift coefficient, CLof 0.20 the average valueof the air permeability ( Cd), shall be greater or equal to 3 103.13. Report13.1 The test report shall include:13.1.1 The type, name, and

36、dimensions of product,13.1.2 Details of laps and any mechanical fastening system,where appropriate,13.1.3 Details of the test apparatus,13.1.4 A plan of the roofing assembly tested, indicatingsealed and unsealed elements,13.1.5 Calculated values of over-turning moment (upliftforce) and critical upwa

37、rd pressure difference (Eq 1)totwosignificant figures,13.1.6 Air volume flow rate at each of the pressure differ-ence readings,13.1.7 Date when the test was performed, and13.1.8 Location where the test was performed.FIG. 2 Plenum Chamber Arrangement for Air Permeability TestC1570 03 (2016)314. Preci

38、sion and Bias14.1 PrecisionIt is not possible to specify the precision ofthe procedure for measuring air permeability because theapparatus is unique and has been used for an insufficientnumber of tests to allow calculation of precision.14.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe proce

39、dure in Test Method C1570 for measuring air perme-ability because no material having an accepted reference valueis available.15. Keywords15.1 air permeability method; clay roof tile; concrete rooftile; critical upward pressure difference; uplift resistance; windresistanceASTM International takes no

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42、 ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the addr

43、ess shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 03 (2016)4