ASTM C1567-2007 Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)《.pdf

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1、Designation: C 1567 07Standard Test Method forDetermining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity ofCombinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate(Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1567; the number immediately following the designation indicate

2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method permits detection within 16

3、 days of thepotential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of combinationsof cementitious materials and aggregate in mortar bars. Thecementitious materials are composed of various proportions ofhydraulic cement, pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.1.2 The test results are only valid

4、 for the specific combina-tions of pozzolan, slag, and reactive aggregates tested.1.3 This test is not suitable for evaluating the potential fordeleterious reaction of combinations of hydraulic cement andaggregate (that is, in the absence of pozzolans or groundgranulated blast-furnace slag).1.4 The

5、values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit

6、y of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-tionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 125 Terminology Relating to C

7、oncrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave

8、 Expansion of HydraulicCementC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determinationof Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forC

9、oncreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsf

10、or Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofAggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)C 1293 Test Method

11、for Determination of Length Changeof Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica ReactionC 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating

12、to concrete or aggre-gates, see Terminology C 125.3.2 relative density (OD), nas defined in Test MethodsC 127 or C 128, for coarse and fine aggregates, respectively.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating theability of pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace

13、 slagto control deleterious internal expansion due to alkali-silica1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.26 on Chemical Reactions.Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published Augus

14、t 2007. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1567 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summa

15、ry page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.reaction when used with an aggregate intended for use inconcrete. It is based on the Acceler

16、ated Test Method developedat the National Building Research Institute (NBRI) in theRepublic of South Africa (1-4).34.2 Results obtained using this test method may overesti-mate the reactivity of some types of aggregates if used inservice with the same pozzolans or slag and hydraulic cementof low alk

17、ali content.4.3 Different levels of pozzolan and ground granulatedblast-furnace slag may require testing to determine the amountrequired to reduce expansion to an acceptable level. Pozzolansand ground granulated blast-furnace slag may be tested sepa-rately or in combination.4.4 It is recommended to

18、test the same aggregate andhydraulic cement (without pozzolans and slag) using TestMethod C 1260.4.5 This test method may underestimate the expansion ofcementitious systems containing pozzolans with an alkalicontent 4.0 % sodium oxide equivalent (7-9). It is recom-mended that such materials be teste

19、d using Test MethodC 1293.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall conform to Practice C 490, exceptas follows:5.2 SievesSquare hole, woven-wire cloth sieves, shallconform to Specification E11.5.3 Mixer, Paddle, and Mixing BowlMixer, paddle, andmixing bowl shall conform to the requirements of PracticeC 3

20、05, except that the clearance between the lower end of thepaddle and the bottom of the bowl shall be 5.1 6 0.3 mm.5.4 Tamper and TrowelThe tamper and trowel shall con-form to Test Method C 109/C 109M.5.5 ContainersThe containers shall be of such a naturethat the bars can be totally immersed in eithe

21、r the water or 1Nsodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The containers shall bemade of material that can withstand prolonged exposure to 80C and must be resistant to a 1N NaOH solution (see Note 1).The containers must be so constructed that when used forstoring specimens, the loss or gain of moisture is

22、prevented bytight-fitting covers, by sealing, or both (see Note 2). The barsin the solution must be placed and supported so that thesolution has access to the entire surface of each bar; therefore,ensure that the specimens do not touch the sides of thecontainer or each other. The specimens, if stood

23、 upright in thesolution, shall not be supported by the metal gage stud.NOTE 1The NaOH solution corrodes glass or metal containers.NOTE 2Some microwave-proof food storage containers made ofpolypropylene or high-density polythylene have been found to be accept-able.5.6 Oven, or Water BathA convection

24、oven or water bathwith temperature control maintaining 80.0 6 2.0 C.6. Reagents6.1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)USP or technical grademay be used, provided the Na+and OH-concentrations areshown by chemical analysis to lie between 0.99N and 1.01N.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto

25、water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Type IV of Specification D 1193.6.3 Sodium Hydroxide SolutionEach litre of solution shallcontain 40.0 g of NaOH dissolved in 900 mL of water, andshall be diluted with additional distilled or deionized water toobtain 1.0 L of solution. The

26、volume proportion of sodiumhydroxide solution to mortar bars in a storage container shallbe 4 6 0.5 volumes of solution to 1 volume of mortar bars. Thevolume of a mortar bar may be taken as 184 mL. Includesufficient test solution to ensure complete immersion of themortar bars.6.3.1 WarningBefore usi

27、ng NaOH, review: (1) the safetyprecautions for using NaOH; (2) first aid for burns; and (3) theemergency response to spills, as described in the manufactur-ers Material Safety Data Sheet or other reliable safety litera-ture. NaOH can cause very severe burns and injury to unpro-tected skin and eyes.

28、Suitable personal protective equipmentmust always be used. These include full-face shields, rubberaprons, and gloves impervious to NaOH. Gloves must bechecked periodically for pinholes.7. Conditioning7.1 Maintain the temperature of the molding room and drymaterials at not less than 20 C and not more

29、 than 27.5 C. Thetemperature of the mixing water, and of the moist closet ormoist room, shall not vary from 23 C by more than 2 C.7.2 Maintain the relative humidity of the molding room atnot less than 50 %. The moist closet or room shall conform toSpecification C511.7.3 Maintain the storage oven or

30、water bath in which thespecimens are stored at a temperature of 80.0 6 2.0 C.8. Sampling and Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Selection of AggregateProcess materials proposed foruse as fine aggregate in concrete as described in 8.2 with aminimum of crushing. Process materials proposed for use ascoar

31、se aggregate in concrete by crushing to produce as nearlyas practical a graded product from which a sample can beobtained. Grade the sample as prescribed in Table 1. Thesample shall represent the composition of the coarse aggregateas proposed for use.8.1.1 When a given quarried material is proposed

32、for useboth as coarse and as fine aggregate, test only a selection of thefine aggregate, unless there is reason to expect that the coarse3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthe text.TABLE 1 Grading RequirementsSieve Size Mass, %Passing Retained on4.75 mm (

33、No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 102.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 251.18 mm (No. 16) 600 m (No. 30) 25600 m (No. 30) 300 m (No. 50) 25300 m (No. 50) 150 m (No. 100) 15C1567072aggregate has a different composition than the fine aggregate.If such a difference is expected and if the differences mightsignifican

34、tly affect expansion due to reaction with the alkaliesin cement or from the environment of service, test the coarseaggregate in a manner similar to that employed in testing thefine aggregate.8.2 Preparation of AggregateGrade aggregates to providea sample meeting the requirements given in Table 1. Cr

35、ushaggregates in which sufficient quantities of the sizes specifiedin Table 1 do not exist until the required material has beenproduced. In the case of aggregates containing insufficientamounts of one or more of the larger sizes listed in Table 1, andif no larger material is available for crushing,

36、the first size inwhich sufficient material is available shall contain the cumu-lative percentage of material down to that size as determinedfrom the grading specified in Table 1. When such proceduresare required, make a special note thereof in the test report.After the aggregate has been separated i

37、nto the various sievesizes, wash each size with a water spray over the sieve toremove adhering dust and fine particles from the aggregate.Dry the portions retained on the various sieves and, unless usedimmediately, store each such portion individually in a cleancontainer provided with a tight-fittin

38、g cover.8.3 Selection and Preparation of Cement:8.3.1 Hydraulic CementUse a hydraulic cement meetingthe requirements of Specification C 150 (Note 3). In addition,the autoclave expansion in Test Method C 151 shall be lessthan 0.20 %.NOTE 3The alkali content of the cement has been found to havenegligi

39、ble (3) or minor (6) effects on expansion in this test.8.3.2 Preparation of CementPass cement for use in thistest through an 850-m (No. 20) sieve to remove lumps beforeuse.8.4 Selection of pozzolan or ground granulated blast-furnace slagUse one, or a combination, of the following:8.4.1 Fly ash or na

40、tural pozzolan meeting the requirementsof Specification C 618.8.4.2 Silica fume meeting the requirements of SpecificationC 1240.8.4.3 Ground granulated blast furnace slag meeting therequirements of Specification C 989.8.5 Preparation of Test Specimens:8.5.1 Number of SpecimensMake at least three tes

41、t speci-mens for each cementitious materials-aggregate combination.8.5.2 Preparation of MoldsPrepare the specimen molds inaccordance with the requirements of Practice C 490 except, theinterior surfaces of the molds shall be covered with a releaseagent (see Note 4). A release agent is acceptable if i

42、t serves asa parting agent without affecting the time of setting of thecement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit thepenetration of water into the specimen.NOTE 4TFE-fluorocarbon tape complies with the requirements for amold release agent.8.5.3 Proportioning of MortarProportion the dry

43、 materi-als for the test mortar using 1 part of cementitious materials(hydraulic cement plus pozzolan or ground granulated blast-furnace slag) to 2.25 parts of graded aggregate by mass foraggregates with a relative density (OD) at or above 2.45. Foraggregates with a relative density (OD) below 2.45,

44、 determinethe aggregate proportion as follows:Aggregate Proportion 5 2.25 3D2.65where:D = relative density (OD) of test aggregate.8.5.3.1 For aggregates with a relative density (OD) equal toor greater than 2.45, the quantities of dry materials to be mixedat one time in the batch of mortar for making

45、 three specimensshall be 440 g of cementitious material and 990 g of aggregatemade up by recombining the portions retained on the varioussieves in the grading prescribed in Table 1. Use a water-cementratio equal to 0.47 by mass (see Note 5).8.5.3.2 For aggregates with a relative density (OD) less th

46、an2.45, the quantities of dry materials to be mixed at one time inthe batch of mortar for making three specimens shall be 440 gof cementitious material and mass of aggregate shall be 440 gmultiplied by the aggregate proportion determined in 8.5.3.This aggregate mass shall be made up by recombining t

47、heportions retained on the various sieves in the grading pre-scribed in Table 1. Use a water-cementitious material ratioequal to 0.47 by mass (see Note 5).NOTE 5Ruggedness tests indicated that mortar bar expansions wereless variable at a fixed water-cement ratio than when gauged to a constantflow (3

48、).8.5.3.3 If silica fume or metakaolin are used, a high rangewater reducer (HRWR), meeting the requirements of Specifi-cation C 494/C 494M Type F, shall be used (if necessary) toprovide adequate dispersion and workability of the mixture.The water-cementitious material ratio shall remain 0.47 bymass

49、and the amount of HRWR shall be that to obtain a flowof 6 7.5 percentage points of a control mortar without silicafume or metakaolin as determined in accordance with TestMethod C 1437 using 25 drops of the flow table. If liquidHRWR is used, the water present in the liquid must be includedin the calculation of the water-cementitious material ratio.8.5.4 Mixing of MortarMix the mortar in accordance withthe requirements of Practice C 305.8.5.5 Molding of Test SpecimensMold test specimenswithin a total elapsed time of not more than 2 min and 15 saf