ASTM C143 C143M-2005a Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete.pdf

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1、Designation: C 143/C 143M 05aStandard Test Method forSlump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 143/C 143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of slump ofhyd

3、raulic-cement concrete, both in the laboratory and in thefield.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system

4、shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be c

5、onsideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory

6、 limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias St

7、atementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed andcompacted by rodding in a mold shaped as the frustum of acone. The mold is raised, and the concrete allowed to subside.The vertical distance between the original and displa

8、cedposition of the center of the top surface of the concrete ismeasured and reported as the slump of the concrete.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with aprocedure to determine slump of plastic hydraulic-cementconcretes.NOTE 1This test method was originally

9、developed to provide atechnique to monitor the consistency of unhardened concrete. Underlaboratory conditions, with strict control of all concrete materials, theslump is generally found to increase proportionally with the water contentof a given concrete mixture, and thus to be inversely related to

10、concretestrength. Under field conditions, however, such a strength relationship isnot clearly and consistently shown. Care should therefore be taken inrelating slump results obtained under field conditions to strength.4.2 This test method is considered applicable to plasticconcrete having coarse agg

11、regate up to 112 in. 37.5 mm insize. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 112 in. 37.5 mm insize, the test method is applicable when it is performed on thefraction of concrete passing a 112-in. 37.5-mm sieve, with thelarger aggregate being removed in accordance with the sectiontitled “Additional P

12、rocedure for Large Maximum Size Aggre-gate Concrete” in Practice C 172.4.3 This test method is not considered applicable to non-plastic and non-cohesive concrete.NOTE 2Concretes having slumps less than12 in. 15 mm may not beadequately plastic and concretes having slumps greater than about 9 in.230 m

13、m may not be adequately cohesive for this test to have signifi-cance. Caution should be exercised in interpreting such results.5. Apparatus5.1 MoldThe test specimen shall be formed in a moldmade of metal not readily attacked by the cement paste. Themetal shall not be thinner than 0.060 in. 1.5 mm an

14、d ifformed by the spinning process, there shall be no point on themold at which the thickness is less than 0.045 in. 1.15 mm.The mold shall be in the form of the lateral surface of thefrustum of a cone with the base 8 in. 200 mm in diameter, thetop 4 in. 100 mm in diameter, and the height 12 in. 300

15、 mm.Individual diameters and heights shall be within 618 in. 3mm of the prescribed dimensions. The base and the top shall1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.60 on Fresh Concrete Testi

16、ng.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 143/C 143 05.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, v

17、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internationa

18、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axisof the cone. The mold shall be provided with foot pieces andhandles similar to those shown in Fig. 1. The mold shall beconstructed without a seam.

19、The interior of the mold shall berelatively smooth and free from projections. The mold shall befree from dents, deformation, or adhered mortar. A mold whichclamps to a nonabsorbent base plate is acceptable instead of theone illustrated, provided the clamping arrangement is such thatit can be fully r

20、eleased without movement of the mold and thebase is large enough to contain all of the slumped concrete inan acceptable test.5.1.1 Check and record conformance to the molds specifieddimensions when it is purchased or first placed in service andat least annually thereafter.5.1.2 Mold with alternative

21、 materials.5.1.2.1 Molds other than metal are allowed if the followingrequirements are met: The mold shall meet the shape, height,and internal dimensional requirements of 5.1. The mold shallbe sufficiently rigid to maintain the specified dimensions andtolerances during use, resistant to impact force

22、s, and shall benonabsorbent. The mold shall be demonstrated to provide testresults comparable to those obtained when using a metal moldmeeting the requirements of 5.1. Comparability shall bedemonstrated on behalf of the manufacturer by an independenttesting laboratory. Test for comparability shall c

23、onsist of notless than 10 consecutive pairs of comparisons performed ateach of 3 different slumps ranging from 2 to 8 in. 50 to 200mm (Note 3). No individual test results shall vary by morethan 0.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained using the metal mold.The average test results of each slump range obtain

24、ed using themold constructed of alternative material shall not vary by morethan 0.25 in. 6 mm from the average of test results obtainedusing the metal mold. Manufacturer comparability test datashall be available to users and laboratory inspection authorities(Note 4). If any changes in material or me

25、thod of manufactureare made, tests for comparability shall be repeated.NOTE 3The phrase “consecutive pairs of comparisons” does not meanwithout interruption or all in one day. At a schedule selected by the testingentity, the pairs of tests leading to 10 consecutive pairs may be accom-plished in smal

26、l groups. The word “consecutive” prevents ignoring pairsof tests which may not meet the criteria.NOTE 4Because the slump of concrete decreases with time and highertemperatures, it will be advantageous for the comparability tests to beperformed by alternating the use of metal cones and alternative ma

27、terialcones, to utilize several technicians, and to minimize the time between testprocedures.5.1.2.2 If the condition of any individual mold is suspectedof being out of tolerance from the as manufactured condition,a single comparative test shall be performed. If the test resultsdiffer by more than 0

28、.50 in. 15 mm from that obtained usingthe metal mold, the mold shall be removed from service.5.2 Tamping RodA round, straight steel rod58 in. 16mm in diameter and approximately 24 in. 600 mm in length,having the tamping end or both ends rounded to a hemispheri-cal tip, the diameter of which is58 in.

29、 16 mm.5.3 Measuring DeviceA ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid length measuring instrumentmarked in increments of14 in. 5 mm or smaller. Theinstruement length shall be at least 12 in. 300 mm.6. Sample6.1 The sample of concrete from which test specimens aremade shall

30、be representative of the entire batch. It shall beobtained in accordance with Practice C 172.7. Procedure7.1 Dampen the mold and place it on a flat, moist, nonab-sorbent (rigid) surface. It shall be held firmly in place duringfilling and perimeter cleaning by the operator standing on thetwo foot pie

31、ces or by a clamping arrangement to a base plateas described in 5.1. From the sample of concrete obtained inaccordance with Section 6, immediately fill the mold in threelayers, each approximately one third the volume of the mold.NOTE 5One third of the volume of the slump mold fills it to a depthof 2

32、58 in. 70 mm; two thirds of the volume fills it to a depth of 618 in.160 mm.7.2 Rod each layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod.Uniformly distribute the strokes over the cross section of eachlayer. For the bottom layer, this will necessitate inclining therod slightly and making approximately half

33、of the strokes nearthe perimeter, and then progressing with vertical strokesspirally toward the center. Rod the bottom layer throughout itsdepth. Rod the second layer and the top layer each throughoutits depth, so that the strokes just penetrate into the underlyinglayer.7.3 In filling and rodding th

34、e top layer, heap the concreteabove the mold before rodding is started. If the roddingoperation results in subsidence of the concrete below the topDimensional Unitsin.1161812 13318 4812mm 2 3 15 25 75 80 100 200 300FIG. 1 Mold for Slump TestC 143/C 143M 05a2edge of the mold, add additional concrete

35、to keep an excess ofconcrete above the top of the mold at all times. After the toplayer has been rodded, strike off the surface of the concrete bymeans of a screeding and rolling motion of the tamping rod.Continue to hold the mold down firmly and remove concretefrom the area surrounding the base of

36、the mold to precludeinterference with the movement of slumping concrete. Removethe mold immediately from the concrete by raising it carefullyin a vertical direction. Raise the mold a distance of 12 in. 300mm in 5 6 2 s by a steady upward lift with no lateral ortorsional motion. Complete the entire t

37、est from the start of thefilling through removal of the mold without interruption andcomplete it within an elapsed time of 212 min.7.4 Immediately measure the slump by determining thevertical difference between the top of the mold and thedisplaced original center of the top surface of the specimen.

38、Ifa decided falling away or shearing off of concrete from oneside or portion of the mass occurs (Note 6), disregard the testand make a new test on another portion of the sample.NOTE 6If two consecutive tests on a sample of concrete show afalling away or shearing off of a portion of the concrete from

39、 the mass ofthe specimen, the concrete probably lacks necessary plasticity andcohesiveness for the slump test to be applicable.8. Report8.1 Report the slump in terms of inches millimetres to thenearest14 in. 5 mm of subsidence of the specimen during thetest.9. Precision and Bias49.1 PrecisionThe est

40、imates of precision for this testmethod are based upon results from tests conducted in Fay-etteville, Arkansas by 15 technicians from 14 laboratoriesrepresenting 3 states. All tests at 3 different slump ranges, from1.0 in. 25 mm to 6.5 in. 160 mm, were performed using oneload of truck-mixed concrete

41、. The concrete was delivered andtested at a low slump, with water then being added and mixedinto the remaining concrete to independently produce moderateand finally high-slump concrete. The concrete mixture thatused a No. 67 crushed limestone aggregate and a washed riversand, contained 500 lb of cem

42、entitious materials per cubic yard297 kg of cementitious material per cubic metre. The 500 lb227 kg were equally divided between a C150, Type I/IIcement and a Class C fly ash. A double dosage of a chemicalretarder was used in an attempt to minimize slump losses andmaintain workability of the concret

43、e. Concrete temperaturesranged from 86 to 93 F 30 to 34 C. Slump losses averaged0.68 in. 17 mm during the 20 min required to perform a seriesof 6 tests at 1 slump range. Testing was performed alternatelyusing metal and plastic molds, which were determined toproduce comparable results. Precision data

44、 thus applies to bothmetal and plastic molds. A total of 270 slump tests wereperformed.9.1.1 Inch-Pound SIThe data used to develop the pre-cision statement were obtained using metric units (millime-tres). The precision values shown in inch-pound units areconversions from the millimetre measurements,

45、 which wererecorded to the nearest 1 mm.9.1.2 Measure of VariabilityThe standard deviation wasdetermined to be the most consistent measure of variability andwas found to vary with the slump value.9.1.3 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation represented by (1s) is shown in T

46、able 1 byaverage slump values. The reported results for the replicatereadings apply to tests conducted by the same operatorperforming successive tests, one immediately following theother.Acceptable results of two properly conducted tests by thesame operator on the same material (Note 7) will not dif

47、ferfrom each other by more than the (d2s) value of the last columnof Table 1 for the appropriate slump value and single-operatorprecision.9.1.4 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory stan-dard deviation represented by (1s) is shown in Table 1 byaverage slump values. The reported results for th

48、e replicatereadings apply to tests conducted by different operators fromdifferent laboratories performing tests less than 4 min apart.Therefore, acceptable results of two properly conducted slumptests on the same material (Note 7) by two different laborato-ries will not differ from each other by mor

49、e than the (d2s) valueof the last column of Table 1 for the appropriate slump valueand multilaboratory precision.NOTE 7“Same materials,” is used to mean freshly mixed concretefrom one batch.9.2 BiasThis test method has no bias since slump isdefined only in terms of this test method.10. Keywords10.1 concrete; cone; consistency; plasticity; slump;workability4The test data used to develop this precision statement were based on testsperformed in September 1997. A report o