ASTM C1272-2015 Standard Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick《供重型车辆通过的路面砖的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1272 14bC1272 15Standard Specification forHeavy Vehicular Paving Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as a paving material in areas with a high volume of heavy vehicular traffic.The units are desig

3、ned for use in such places as streets, commercial driveways, and aircraft taxiways. These units are not intendedfor applications covered by Specifications C410 or C902.1.2 Units are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatmentat el

4、evated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents toprovide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.3 Brick may be shaped during manufacture by extruding, molding, or pressing. Bri

5、ck may have spacing lugs, chamferededges, or both.1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made fromother materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of thi

6、sstandard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling

7、and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by SandblastingC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Pavi

8、ng BrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heavy vehicular tr

9、affchigh volume of heavy vehicles representing trucks or combination vehicles having 3 or moreloaded axles.3.2.1.1 DiscussionHigh volume traffic is considered to be traffic over 251 daily equivalent single axle loads (ESAL).exceed 251 daily EquivalentSingleAxle Loads (ESAL). Defined by theAmericanAs

10、sociation of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), an ESALconverts a mix of axle loads on a pavement to an equivalent number of 18,000 lb (80 kN) single axle loads.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsi

11、bility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2014January 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asC1272 14a.C1272 14b. DOI: 10.1520/C1272-14B.10.1520/C1272-15.2 For referencedA

12、STM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user

13、 of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as

14、published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Classification4.1 TypesHeavy vehicular paving brick are cl

15、assified by type according to their intended installation:4.1.1 Type RBrick intended to be set in a mortar setting bed supported by an adequate concrete base; or an asphaltbituminoussetting bed supported by an adequate asphalt or concrete base.4.1.2 Type FBrick intended to be set in a sand setting b

16、ed, with sand joints, and supported by an adequate base.4.2 ApplicationsHeavy vehicular paving brick are classified by application according to their dimensional tolerances,warpage, and extent of chips.4.2.1 Application PSPavers intended for general use.4.2.2 Application PXPavers intended for use wh

17、ere a higher degree of precision and a lower permissible variation indimensional tolerances and warpage are required than for Application PS.4.2.3 Application PAPavers intended to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size, color,and texture.5. Physical Propert

18、ies5.1 Freeze Thaw ResistanceUse one of the following methods:5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the type specified as prescribedin Table 1.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 s

19、hall not be requiredprovided a sample of five brick, meeting all other requirements, passes the 50 cycle freezing-and-thawing test in Test Methods C67with not greater than 0.5 % loss in dry weight of any individual unit.NOTE 1The provisions of 5.1.2 are specified only as an alternative when the samp

20、le does not conform to the requirements 24-h for cold waterabsorption prescribed in Table 1.5.1.2.1 Sulfate Soundness Test AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredif a representative sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundne

21、ss test in accordance with Sections 4, 5, and 8 ofTest Method C88 with no visible damage.NOTE 2The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for the freezing-and-thawing test (5.1.2).5.1.3 Performance AlternativeIf information on the performance over time of similar units in a similar ap

22、plication withsimilar exposure and traffic is furnished by the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent and is found acceptable to the specifierof the pavement material or the specifiers agent, the physical requirements in 5.1.1 or the size requirements in 7.2 shall not berequired.5.2 Abrasion Resist

23、anceEach individual brick tested shall meet the requirements of either the Abrasion Index column or theVolume Abrasion Loss column of Table 2.5.2.1 Abrasion IndexThe abrasion index is calculated from the 24-h cold water absorption in percent and the compressivestrength in pounds per square inch as f

24、ollows:abrasion index5 1003absorptioncompressive strength (1)5.2.1.1 The compressive strength shall be determined on half-brick, which are the full height (no less than 214 in. (57 mm) andwidth of the unit, and with a length equal to one half the full length of the unit (614 in. (66 mm) for each dim

25、ension). For abrasionindex testing purposes, the brick shall be without core holes, frogs or other perforations. Other shaped specimens may be usedprovided that a correlation is established with the results of the specified shape and the results are converted to be equivalent tothose that would be o

26、btained with the specified shape.5.2.1.2 In those cases where the height requirements for determining compressive strength cannot be met, the abrasionresistance should be determined according to the volume abrasion loss method.5.2.2 Volume Abrasion LossThe volume abrasion loss should be determined i

27、n accordance with Test Method C418, with thefollowing changes in procedure:5.2.2.1 The sand shall be a natural silica sand from Ottawa, IL, graded to pass a No. 50 (300-m) sieve and retained on a No.100 (150-m) sieve.5.2.2.2 The test shall be run on dry brick.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsType Minimu

28、m Compressive Strength, GrossArea, psi (MPa) Minimum Breaking Load,lb/in. (kN/mm) Maximum Cold WaterAbsorption, %Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick IndividualR 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) . . . . . . 6.0 7.0F 10 000 (69.0) 8800 (60.7) 475 (83) 333 (58) 6.0 7.0C1272 152

29、5.2.2.3 The duration of the test shall be 2 min.5.2.2.4 The rate of sand flow shall be 400 g/min.5.2.2.5 The volume loss shall be determined by filling the abraded depression with modeling clay, striking off level with theoriginal surface of the brick, and removing and weighing the modeling clay. Th

30、e volume loss shall be calculated from the bulkdensity of the modeling clay. The bulk density should be determined on each lot of modeling clay. An alternative method ofdetermining the weight of clay used in filling the sandblast cavity is to determine the weight of the modeling clay sample beforean

31、d after filling the cavity.5.3 Skid ResistanceWhen specified, the units shall be tested for skid resistance in accordance with Test Method E303.5.4 CoringThe brick shall be without core holes or other perforations.5.5 Chips or CracksThe brick shall be free of chips or cracks larger than those listed

32、 in this specification that wouldsignificantly impair the performance of the system.6. Efflorescence6.1 When specified, the units shall be tested for efflorescence in accordance with Test Methods C67. The units shall be sampledat the place of manufacture.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 T

33、he size of the brick shall be as specified by the purchaser.7.2 The minimum specified thickness of the unit depends on the Type and shall be as follows:7.2.1 Type R214 in. (57.2 mm).7.2.2 Type F258 in. (66.7 mm).7.3 When chamfers are specified by the purchaser, the dimensions required in 7.2.2 are e

34、xclusive of chamfers.7.4 Lugs shall project no greater than 18 in. (3.2 mm), unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3Lugs are used as spacers to provide a definitive joint size. When used in permeable paving assemblies, lugs may be required to be larger than18 in. (3.2 mm) to allow for additional water inf

35、iltration.7.4.1 When lugs are specified by the purchaser, the size of the brick and its associated dimensional tolerances shall include thelugs.NOTE 4Some manufacturers have the option of making brick with lugs in different locations. When the pavers are placed such that the lugs aredirectly opposed

36、 to each other, the dimension measurement shall include both lugs. When the pavers are placed in a manner where the lugs are offset,or when lugs are only on one side of the unit, the dimension measurement shall include one lug only.7.5 In the sample of units, no unit shall depart from the specified

37、size by more than the individual tolerance for the applicationspecified as prescribed in Table 3. Type F paving brick shall conform to Application PX only.7.6 Tolerances for warpage of surfaces or edges intended to be exposed in use from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall n

38、ot exceed the maximum for the application specified as prescribed in Table 4. Type F paving brick shallconform to Application PX only.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 If brick having a particular color, color range, or texture are desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The

39、 texture of the finished face shall conform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall be indicated by the approved sample.TABLE 2 Abrasion RequirementsAType Abrasion Index, max Volume Abrasion Loss,max, cm3/cm 2R and F 0

40、.11 1.7A See 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 for additional information.TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsDimension, in. (mm) Permissible Variation, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA3 (76) and under 18 (3.2) 116 (1.6) no limitOver 3 to 5 (76 to 127) 316 (4.7) 332 (2.4) no limitOver 5 to 8 (127

41、 to 203) 14 (6.4) 18 (3.2) no limitOver 8 (203) 516 (7.9) 732 (5.6) no limitC1272 1538.2 Other than chips, the finished faces of the brick shall be free of cracks or other imperfections detracting from the appearanceof a designated sample when viewed from a distance of 20 ft (6 m) under diffused lig

42、hting. If brick having a particular color, colorrange, or texture are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser. The texture of the finished face shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four brick, each representing the texture desired. The color r

43、ange shallbe indicated by the approved sample.8.3 The finished faces of the brick shall be free of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 5. The cumulative length of chipson the finished face of a single unit shall not exceed 10 % of the perimeter of that face.8.4 A delivery shall contain not m

44、ore than 5 % brick that do not meet the combined requirements of Tables 3-5, includingbroken brick.8.5 After brick are placed in usage, the requirements for chippage and tolerances do not apply in determining compliance withthis specification.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and

45、 tested in accordance with applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimens for tests. The place or places of selection shall be designated whenthe purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is

46、typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that the brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brick do conformto the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically b

47、orne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; fired masonry units; pavement surfacesSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 14aC1272 14b) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 15, 2014)1, 2015)(1) Modif

48、iedAdded 7.3 so that the measurement of chamfers only applies to Type F pavers.new 1.4 to address the applicability ofthis standard.(2) Modified 3.2.1.1 to include more description of ESAL.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 14C12

49、72 14a) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1,(December 15, 2014)(1) Modified 8.27.3 andso 8.3 to use the term “finished faces.”that the measurement of chamfers only applies to Type F pavers.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 11aC1272 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (February(September 1, 2014)(1) References to cold water absorption within Section 5 were identified to reflect the appropriate time frame.TABLE 4 Toler