ASTM C1232-2012 Standard Terminology of Masonry《圬工标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1232 12Standard Terminology ofMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of

2、 last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and genericdefinitions of terms specifically associated with manufacturedmasonry units and masonry constructed with manufacturedmasonry

3、units. These generic terms and definitions are usedwithin the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortarsand Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manu-factured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay masonr

4、yunits, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62,C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088,C1167, C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma-sonry units in p

5、articular to Specifications C55, C73, C90,C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634and to Test Methods C140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of termsassociated with the standards specific to autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry units in particular to P

6、ractice C1692 and toSpecifications C1386, C1691, and C1693.1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay andconcrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.1.6 For ter

7、minology specific to mortar and grout, seeTerminology C1180.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (MadeFrom Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC56 Specification for S

8、tructural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-LimeBrick)C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Un

9、itsC126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Fac-ing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Con-struction of Catch Basins and ManholesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testin

10、g ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426 Test Method for Linear D

11、rying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC530 Specification for Structural Clay NonloadbearingScreen TileC652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Sili-cate Masonry UnitsC902 Specification for Pedestrian and L

12、ight Traffic PavingBrickC936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnitsC1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units MadeFrom Clay or ShaleC1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residenti

13、al Fire-places1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 1993. Last previous edition approved in

14、 2010 as C1232 10c. DOI: 10.1520/C1232-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Chang

15、es section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete UnitsC1272 Speci

16、fication for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining WallUnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Con-crete (AAC) Wall Construction UnitsC1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick

17、Units)C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof PaversC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof TileC1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Me

18、thod for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete MasonryLintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing BrickC1691 Specification for Unreinforced Autoclaved AeratedConcrete (AAC) Masonry UnitsC1692 Practice for Construction

19、 and Testing of AutoclavedAerated Concrete (AAC) MasonryC1693 Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete(AAC)3. Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to manufac-tured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufac-tured masonry units. They are generic as used by ASTMCommitte

20、es C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1) the nonvertical surfaces of a manufacturedmasonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined bymortar or other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfacesof a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or othermethods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline deposit of

21、water-solublecompounds in the pores of masonry.efflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe in situ exposed surface(s) of a manufac-tured masonry unit.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonryunit intende

22、d by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.freeze thaw resistance, nthe ability of masonry to maintainintegrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezingand thawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit.Indentations not exceeding38 in. (9.5

23、mm) are termed a frog,sometimes called a panel or panel frog. Indentations exceed-ing38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finishedfaces of manufactured masonry units for production orconstruction purposes.height, nvertical dimension of the face of a

24、 unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.length, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of manufac-tured masonry units laid with mortar, grout, or other methodsof joining.nominal dimension, ndimension th

25、at is greater than thespecified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It isusually expressed as a whole number.permeable unit pavement system, npavement with a wear-ing surface made from clay or concrete units that allowsinfiltration of water to an open-graded aggregate bed, base,or subbase,

26、 or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable pavement systems are utilized to reducestormwater runoff. Permeable pavements have wearing surfaces with ahigh initial water infiltration through open spaces to drain water intoopen-graded bedding and base materials. The open spaces in thewearing surface

27、are designed to enable sufficient infiltration rates tohandle runoff from designated storm types (for example, 1 year, 24 hourevent).With unit pavers the open spaces can be achieved with exposedcoring, a specially-shaped perimeter configuration, or wider joints, orcombinations thereof. Permeable pav

28、ement systems can also be madewith standard units and a laying pattern that permits sufficient waterentry.score, na channel formed for appearance purposes on thefinished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. Shell caneither be an end shell or a face s

29、hell.specified dimensions, ndimensions to which masonry unitsor constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions bypermissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of amanufactured masonry unit.DISCUSSIONSurface fe

30、atures include coatings, colors, textures, re-lief, or combinations of these. A masonry unit may have differentsurface features on individual faces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles tothe face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.unit, facing, nmanufactured masonry unit des

31、igned for usewhere one or more faces will be exposed and for which thespecification includes requirements on color, finish, andother properties affecting appearance.unit, hollow masonry, nunit whose net cross-sectional areain any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is

32、 less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.unit, manufactured masonry, na manmade noncombustiblebuilding product intended to be laid by hand and joined bymortar, grout, or other methods of joining.C1232 122unit, permeable paving, na manufactured masonry unit forpavem

33、ent applications configured to achieve a minimumpercentage of open area in the wearing surface of thepavement by coring, a specially-shaped perimeter, or largerspacer lugs, or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable paving units may be specified under C902for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Bri

34、ck, C936 for Solid ConcreteInterlocking Paving Units, C1272 for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick, orC1319 for Concrete Grid Paving Units. Permeable pavement systemscan also be made with standard units and a laying pattern that permitssufficient water entry.unit, solid masonry, nunit whose net cross-sect

35、ional area inany plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units thathave been installed in masonry.3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Units:absorp

36、tion, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonryunit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed inrelation to the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in stan-dards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86F (15.5 to30C) water or5hinboili

37、ng water. (Different time intervals arespecified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorp-tions are termed cold water absorption and boiling water absorption.Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factorin classifying these products into durability grades.

38、 Absorptions areindicators of the extent of firing during manufacture as well as beingindicators of durability.absorption, initial rate of, na measure of the suction ofwater upward into a dry brick from a bed face during oneminute of exposure.DISCUSSIONInitial rate of absorption (IRA) is a distinct

39、propertythat offers different information from absorption. It is expressed asgrams of water picked up in one minute by a net area of 30 in.2(194cm2).Initial rate of absorption is one factor influencing the quality of bondbetween brick and mortar. It is used in brick standards to recommendconstructio

40、n practices for enhancing mortar to brick bonding.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale,usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or firedin a kiln; brick is a ceramic product.brick, acid-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in contact withchemicals, usually in conjunction

41、 with acid-resistant mor-tars; see Specification C279.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting or other purposeswhere appearance properties such as texture or color are notimportant (formerly called common brick); see SpecificationC62 and Specification C652.brick, facing, nbrick for general purpos

42、es where appearanceproperties such as color, texture, and chippage are important;see Specification C216 and Specification C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced from selected clays and areavailable in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.brick, floor, nbrick with physical pr

43、operties related toresistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, orabsorption, or combinations of these, used as finished floorsurfaces in industrial applications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIONOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrialapplications; see Specification C902. Floor

44、brick manufactured to meetthe requirements in Specification C410 are typically smooth and dense.brick, paving, nbrick made to provide the wearing surfaceof highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, andsimilar applications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasi

45、ve-resistant brick in-tended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.brick, specially-shaped, na brick manufactured to a basicshape of other than a rectangular prism.cells/core holes, ncontinuous openings or perforationswithin extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible

46、openings is specified for eachproduct as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surfaceplane that must be net (solid) area. Core hole is generally used for brickwhile cell is used for structural tile. Cells are distinguished from coreholes by being larger in size.As an illustration, cell

47、s must be larger than1 in.2(645 mm2) under Specification C34, and 112 in.2(968 mm2)under Specification C652.ceramic, adjpertaining to products containing hydrous sili-cates of alumina that are treated to develop fired bond.DISCUSSIONCeramic materials used for brick and clay tile typicallyconsist of

48、clay or other similar earthy materials that have been fired ina kiln to temperatures above 1500F (655C). The exposure to hightemperature begins the transformation of the constituent materials fromtheir natural state to that of a glassy state (incipient fusion).clay, nan earthy or stony mineral aggre

49、gate consistingessentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic whensufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, andvitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.color, body, nthe range of color obtained when materialsused to form the brick react to the effects of firing tempera-ture and atmosphere.DISCUSSIONThere may be additives in the body to produce a desiredcolor. When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and theunit is not flashed when fired, the body color is also the through-bodycolor,