ASTM C1232-2010b Standard Terminology of Masonry《圬工标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1232 10bStandard Terminology ofMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year o

2、f last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and genericdefinitions of terms specifically associated with manufacturedmasonry units and masonry constructed with manufacturedmasonry

3、 units. These generic terms and definitions are usedwithin the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortarsand Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manu-factured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay mason

4、ryunits, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62,C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088,C1167, C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma-sonry units in

5、particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90,C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634and to Test Methods C140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of termsassociated with the standards specific to autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry units in particular to

6、Practice C1555 and toSpecification C1386.1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay andconcrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.1.6 For terminology specific

7、to mortar and grout, seeTerminology C1180.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (MadeFrom Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products3C55 Specification for Concrete Building Br

8、ickC56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-LimeBrick)C90 Specification for Loadb

9、earing Concrete Masonry UnitsC126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural ClayFacing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Con-struction of Catch Basins and ManholesC140 Test Methods

10、 for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426

11、Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC530 Specification for Structural Clay NonloadbearingScreen TileC652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and CalciumSilicate Masonry UnitsC902 Specificatio

12、n for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnitsC1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units MadeFrom Clay or ShaleC1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1209 Terminology of Concrete

13、 Masonry Units and Re-lated Units31This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previou

14、s edition approved in 2010 as C1232 10a. DOI:10.1520/C1232-10B.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit

15、e.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1261 Specification fo

16、r Firebox Brick for Residential Fire-placesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete UnitsC1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dr

17、y-Cast Segmental RetainingWall UnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Con-crete (AAC) Wall Construction UnitsC1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, BrickUnits)C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof PaversC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof TileC1555 Practice for Autocl

18、aved Aerated Concrete Masonry3C1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Air P

19、ermeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete MasonryLintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing Brick3. Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to manufac-tured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufac-tured masonry units. They are generic as used by

20、ASTMCommittees C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1) the nonvertical surfaces of a manufacturedmasonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined bymortar or other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfacesof a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or othermethods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline

21、 deposit of water-solublecompounds in the pores of masonry.efflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe in situ exposed surface(s) of a manu-factured masonry unit.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonry

22、unit intended by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.facing unit, nmanufactured masonry unit designed for usewhere one or more faces will be exposed and for which thespecification includes requirements on color, finish, andother properties affecting appearance.freeze thaw resistance, nthe ability

23、 of masonry to maintainintegrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezingand thawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit.Indentations not exceeding38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog,sometimes called a panel or panel frog. Indentations excee

24、d-ing38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finishedfaces of manufactured masonry units for production orconstruction purposes.height, nvertical dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.hollow masonry unit, nunit whose

25、 net cross-sectional areain any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.length, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.manufactured masonry unit, n

26、a manmade noncombustiblebuilding product intended to be laid by hand and joined bymortar, grout, or other methods of joining.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of manufac-tured masonry units laid with mortar, grout, or other methodsof joining.nominal dimension, ndimension that is greater tha

27、n thespecified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It isusually expressed as a whole number.permeable paving unit, na manufactured masonry unit forpavement applications configured to achieve a minimumpercentage of open area in the wearing surface of thepavement by coring, a specially-shape

28、d perimeter, or largerspacer lugs, or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable paving units may be specified under C902for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick, C936 for Solid ConcreteInterlocking Paving Units, C1272 for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick, orC1319 for Concrete Grid Paving Units. Perm

29、eable pavement systemscan also be made with standard units and a laying pattern that permitssufficient water entry.permeable unit pavement system, npavement with a wear-ing surface made from clay or concrete units that allowsinfiltration of water to an open-graded aggregate bed, base,or subbase, or

30、combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable pavement systems are utilized to reducestormwater runoff. Permeable pavements have wearing surfaces with ahigh initial water infiltration through open spaces to drain water intoopen-graded bedding and base materials. The open spaces in thewearing surface are

31、designed to enable sufficient infiltration rates tohandle runoff from designated storm types (for example, 1 year, 24 hourevent).With unit pavers the open spaces can be achieved with exposedcoring, a specially-shaped perimeter configuration, or wider joints, orcombinations thereof. Permeable pavemen

32、t systems can also be madewith standard units and a laying pattern that permits sufficient waterentry.score, na channel formed for appearance purposes on thefinished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. Shell caneither be an end shell or a face shell

33、.solid masonry unit, nunit whose net cross-sectional area inany plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.specified dimensions, ndimensions to which masonry unitsor constructions are required to con

34、form. Actual (measured)dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions bypermissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of amanufactured masonry unit.C1232 10b2DISCUSSIONSurface features include coatings, colors, textures, re-lief, or combinations of these. A masonry

35、 unit may have differentsurface features on individual faces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles tothe face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units thathave been installed in masonry.3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Unit

36、s:absorption, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonryunit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed inrelation to the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in stan-dards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86F (15.5 to30C) water or5

37、hinboiling water. (Different time intervals arespecified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorp-tions are termed cold water absorption and boiling water absorption.Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factorin classifying these products into durability

38、 grades. Absorptions areindicators of the extent of firing during manufacture as well as beingindicators of durability.body color, nthe range of color obtained when materialsused to form the brick react to the effects of firing tempera-ture and atmosphere.DISCUSSIONThere may be additives in the body

39、 to produce a desiredcolor. When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and theunit is not flashed when fired, the body color is also the through-bodycolor, a surface feature.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale,usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or f

40、iredin a kiln; brick is a ceramic product.brick, acid-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in contact withchemicals, usually in conjunction with acid-resistant mor-tars; see Specification C279.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting or other purposeswhere appearance properties such as texture or co

41、lor are notimportant (formerly called common brick); see SpecificationC62 and Specification C652.brick, facing, nbrick for general purposes where appearanceproperties such as color, texture, and chippage are important;see Specification C216 and Specification C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced

42、from selected clays and areavailable in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.brick, floor, nbrick with physical properties related toresistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, orabsorption, or combinations of these, used as finished floorsurfaces in industrial appl

43、ications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIONOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrialapplications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meetthe requirements in Specification C410 are typically smooth and dense.brick, paving, nbrick made to provide the wearing surfaceof highway

44、s, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, andsimilar applications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasive-resistant brick in-tended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.brick, specially-shaped, na brick manufactured to a basicshape of other than a r

45、ectangular prism.cells/core holes, ncontinuous openings or perforationswithin extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible openings is specified for eachproduct as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surfaceplane that must be net (solid) area. Core hole is generally used

46、 for brickwhile cell is used for structural tile. Cells are distinguished from coreholes by being larger in size.As an illustration, cells must be larger than1 in.2(645 mm2) under Specification C34, and 112 in.2(968 mm2)under Specification C652.clay, nan earthy or stony mineral aggregate consistinge

47、ssentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic whensufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, andvitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.coated finish, nthe surface color and texture resulting fromthe application of mineral particles to the finished faces inthe manufactu

48、ring process.DISCUSSIONCoatings include engobes, glazes, sands, and slips, andthese may contain clays, colorants, fluxes, sands, and other materials.Coatings may be applied wet or dry and alone or in bed finish, nthe texture resulting when faces are alteredby more or less parallel scratches or scarf

49、s in manufacture.coring, vthe process of perforating structural clay products,generally performed during extrusion by supporting cores(rods) within the shaping cap of the extruder.end-construction tile, ntile designed to receive its compres-sive stress parallel to the axes of the cell.engobe, na slip, other than a glaze, that is not imperviousand is applied as a coating to a ceramic body to function asa glaze undercoat or to impart color, texture, opacity, or othercharacteristics.extrusion, nshaping of brick b