ASTM C121 C121M-2009 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Slate《石板吸水性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 121/C 121M 09Standard Test Method forWater Absorption of Slate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 121/C 121M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONIt is often desirable to gain some idea of the porosity of a mat

3、erial in question.Actual determinationsof the pore space require the use of rather elaborate and refined equipment as well as considerableprecision in carrying out the tests. For comparative purposes the absorption test affords a simple andsufficiently accurate means of obtaining the desired informa

4、tion. As applied to slate this test requiressomewhat more care and precision than many other materials because of its dense nature and,consequently, the small quantities to be dealt with. Furthermore, the cleavage of slatethat propertywhich permits it to be split into thin sheets of uniform thicknes

5、smust be taken into considerationwhen this test is made. On this account misleading results are often obtained on cubical specimens dueto accidental cleavage cracks in the specimens. The shapes of specimens and larger number ofspecimens recommended in the following procedure are intended to eliminat

6、e to a large extent theinconsistent results which may be obtained on this material.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the waterabsorption of slate.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in ea

7、ch system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the re

8、sponsibilityof the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll defin

9、itions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inwater absorption of slates. This test method also provides oneelement in the comparison of slates.5. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall consist of square or r

10、ectangularslabs from316 to516 in. 5 to 8 mm in thickness and not lessthan 4 in. 100 mm on any side.5.2 Not less than six specimens shall be prepared from eachsample of slate, the sample being considered as any number ofpieces selected to represent a definite part or grade of thedeposit.6. Sampling6.

11、1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the typeor grade of stone under consideration and of the qualitysupplied to the market under the type designation to be tested.The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative from the quarried stone or taken from the natu

12、ralledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation ofthe desired number of test specimens. When perceptible1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved

13、 April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1925 as C 12125T. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asC 12106.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information

14、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples asare necessary for determining the variations in water abso

15、rp-tion of slate.7. Preparation of Specimens7.1 Split the slate to the required thickness and saw to size.When the specimens are prepared from shingles no saw cutshall be nearer than 1 in. 25 mm to the sheared edge of theshingle.7.2 Free the specimens from loose particles by scrubbingwith a fiber br

16、ush and clean water.8. Procedure, Preferred Method8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until th

17、ere are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight.8.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 15 minand then weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighedimmediately after cooling, place them in a desiccator. Deter-mine the weight to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.8.3 Entirely immers

18、e the specimens in filtered or distilledwater at approximately 68 6 9F 0 6 5C for 48 h, removeone at a time, wipe the surface dry with a slightly damp,absorbent towel (Note 1) and immediately weigh each speci-men to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.NOTE 1The operator should distinguish between a damp to

19、wel and awet one. In starting the operation, the towel should be sprinkled lightly.When the surface of the specimen is properly wiped off, it should appeardry.9. Procedure, Alternative Method9.1 Occasionally it is desirable to obtain results in a shorterperiod than that required by the procedure des

20、cribed in Section8. In such cases, the 48 h immersion period may be supplantedby an 8 h boiling period (Note 2). In this alternative method theoperations shall be the same as described in Section 8 up to thatof immersion. Instead of allowing the specimens to soak for 48h place them in an enameled pa

21、n or other suitable vessel, coverwith water, and boil for 8 h. Before the final weighing, cool thespecimens by allowing tap water to flow over them for at least30 min.NOTE 2Boiling for 8 h has been found to give practically the samesaturation as immersion for 48 h.10. Calculation and Report10.1 Calc

22、ulate the percentage of absorption as follows:Absorption, % 5 W22 W1!/W1# 3 100 (1)where:W1= weight of the dried specimen, oz g, andW2= weight of the specimen after immersion, oz g.10.2 Report the average of all the tests as the absorption ofslate. All the determinations shall be reported as informa

23、tion.10.3 The following additional information shall also bereported: identification of the sample, including name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, datewhen sample was taken, and trade name or grade of the slate.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural

24、product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension stone; slate; test; water absorptionASTM International takes no position respectin

25、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa

26、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa

27、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th

28、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 121/C 121M 092