ASTM C1125-1989(2015) Standard Test Method for Penetration Index of Asbestos《石棉渗透指数的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1125 89 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forPenetration Index of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 To determine the efficiency with which asbestos fibersincrease the consistency when mixed into a liquid asphalticvehicle, relative to fib

3、ers chosen as standard.1.2 This test method is applicable to Quebec StandardGroup 7 asbestos fibers as determined by Test Method D3639/D3639M.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos d

4、ust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbe

5、stos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health prac

6、tices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard warning, see 1.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (S

7、low-Curing Type)D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt(Medium-Curing Type)D2590/D2590M Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile As-bestosD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3639/D3639M Test Method for Classification of Asbestosby Quebec Standard TestD3879 Test Method for Sam

8、pling Amphibole Asbestos(Withdrawn 2009)4E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 Other Standard:Qubec Standard Designation of Chrysotile Asbestos FiberGrades53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D2946.4. Significance and Use4.1 The objective of the t

9、est is to determine what quantity ofthe fiber under evaluation must be mixed with 100 g of cutbackasphalt to give the same penetration as a target penetration.4.2 The target penetration is determined with the samecutback asphalt as used for the test using standard calibratedasbestos fiber.4.3 This t

10、est method determines the efficiency with whichthe asbestos tested will increase the consistency when mixedwith a liquid asphalt.5. Apparatus5.1 PenetrometerCalibrated in 0.1 mm divisions and fittedwith a 102.5 6 0.05 g grease penetration cone conforming torequirements (see Note 1) stated in Test Me

11、thod D217.NOTE 1An automatic clutch is a permissible optional accessory.5.2 Asphalt Sample Cups55 mm in diameter and 35 mmin height, made of seamless tin plate as described in TestMethod D217.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is

12、the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1125 89(2009). DOI:10.1520/C1125-89R15.2Available from The Asbestos I

13、nstitute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical sta

14、ndard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from the Asbestos Institute, 1130 Sherbrooke St. West, Suite 410,Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2M8.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Reagents and Materials6.1 Cutback AsphaltCon

15、taining non-volatile solvent.NOTE 2Cutback asphalt SC-70 specified in Specification D2026/D2026M, or MC-0 cutback asphalt specified in Specification D2027/D2027M, have been found satisfactory.NOTE 3The workability of the above cutback asphalts can beimproved by dilution with No. 2 fuel oil as specif

16、ied in SpecificationD396, up to a proportion of13 with SC-70 or15 with MC-0, by weight.6.2 Standardized Asbestos FiberOf known penetrationindex.67. Hazards7.1 Warning1.4.8. Sampling, Test Specimens and Test Units8.1 SamplingTake samples in accordance with Test Meth-ods D2590/D2590M in the case of ch

17、rysotile asbestos or TestMethod D3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test SpecimensThe quantity of asbestos required is afunction of its penetration index. The quantity required willusually range between 20 to 100 g for each trial. The numberof trials required is generally five or less. Exper

18、ienced opera-tors testing known fibers of constant quality can succeed withonly one trial using one specimen. In general, a 500 g sampleshould be ample for all the trials required even under adverseconditions.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Insert the shaft of the grease cone into the hollow s

19、haftof the penetrometer and fasten securely. The shaft and movableattachments of the penetrometer weigh 47.5 g and the greasecone 102.5 g, thus the total moving load is 150 g.9.2 Set the penetrometer to an approximate height to ensurethe sample cup can be positioned under the penetration cone.Determ

20、ine that the penetrometer is level.9.3 Determine the tare weight of a No. 6 porcelain evapo-rating dish.9.4 Agitate the cutback asphalt to ensure uniformity.9.5 Weigh out 10 g of cutback asphalt into the evaporatingdish. A teaspoon may be used to adjust the mass.9.6 Weigh out the designated quantity

21、 of standardized fiberon top of the cutback asphalt. The designated quantity may bedetermined from the following formula:Standardized fiber quantity 5 5000/Penetration Index!, in grams9.6.1 Examples:9.6.1.1 If the penetration index is 80, the designated quan-tity is 5000/80 = 62.5 g.9.6.1.2 If the p

22、enetration index is 125, the designatedquantity is 5000/125 = 40.0 g.9.7 Mix thoroughly the fiber and asphalt with a spatula.9.8 Fill a sample cup with the mixture, ensuring there are novoids or air pockets. This may be accomplished by adding themixture in four of five increments, filling the bottom

23、 cornersfirst, and smoothing the mixture with the spatula, using a rotarymotion, after each addition. Fill level to top of cup, and strikeit off smooth with the spatula held at an angle to avoid pullingthe surface of the material.9.9 Adjust the penetrometer so that the tip of the greasepenetration c

24、one just touches the surface of the mixture in thecenter of the cup.9.10 Depress the clutch and allow the grease cone to dropfor exactly 5 s. Record the amount of drop to 0.1 mm.9.11 Reposition the grease cone and remove the cup fromunder the penetrometer. Clean the grease cone. Paper towelsmay be u

25、sed for this purpose.9.12 Add a small quantity of mix to the contents of thesample cup, 5 to 10 cm3, so as to have an excess. Using thespatula, remove the top half of the mixture from the sample cupand replace it upside down. Strike off smooth and take anotherreading as in 9.9 to 9.11.9.13 Again add

26、 a small quantity of mix to the sample cup soas to have an excess. Using the spatula, remove nearly all of themixture from the cup and replace it upside down in the cup.Strike off smooth and take another reading as in 9.9 to 9.11.9.14 Compare the three readings and if the variation doesnot exceed 0.

27、4 mm, calculate their average. This average is tobe used as the target penetration against which samples to betested will be compared.NOTE 4If the three readings are not within the allowable variation of0.4 mm, another fresh surface should be turned up and the test repeated.If three of the four read

28、ings fall within the allowable variation, those threevalues shall be averaged. If not, the test shall be entirely repeated using anew mixture.NOTE 5Cups and evaporating dishes may be cleansed with kerosene,and are to be dry when used. Determine the tare weight of the dish for eachtest.10. Procedure1

29、0.1 The objective of the test is to determine what quantityof fiber under evaluation must be mixed with 100 g of cutbackasphalt to give the same penetration as the target penetration.10.2 The final weight of fiber required for determination ofthe penetration index is calculated by interpolation from

30、 resultson two different mixtures. These two readings have to be aboveand below the target, and must be within 20 penetration units(2 mm) from the target.10.3 Mix the cutback asphalt and weigh out 100 g into theevaporating dish.10.4 Weigh out a quantity of the fiber to be tested. If thisfiber is tho

31、ught to be more absorbent than the standardizedfiber, weigh out a quantity less than the amount of standardizedfiber used. Conversely, if this fiber is thought to be lessabsorbent than the standardized fiber, weigh out a quantitygreater than the amount of standardized fiber used.10.5 Mix and test as

32、 for the standard reference fiber.10.6 Repeat with new quantities of fiber until mixes arearrived at which will give within 20 penetration units (2.0 mm)of the target penetration.6Available at a nominal cost from Centre Spcialis en Technologie Minrale,CEGEP 671 Smith Blvd. South, Thetford Mines, QC

33、Canada G6G 1N1.C1125 89 (2015)2NOTE 6The test should be performed at room temperature, and theasphalt cutback and fiber should be conditioned to this temperature.NOTE 7The cone should be thoroughly cleaned after each penetration.NOTE 8The calibration and procedure should be performed as acontinuous

34、operation, without delay or interruption, thereby avoiding anyrisk of the mixture thickening due to exposure.NOTE 9The calibration should be repeated daily, or more often iflaboratory conditions change significantly. Each operator who performsthe test must perform his own calibration.11. Calculation

35、 or Interpretation of Results11.1 The penetration index is calculated as follows:Penetration index 5 5000/Awhere:A is the quantity of fiber, in grams, required to give the targetpenetration as described in Section 10.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe single-apparatus multi-operator preci-sion

36、is 69 index units (two sigma limits) as defined in PracticeE177 over the penetration index range of 50 to 148.12.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias of this testmethod can be made since the true values cannot be establishedby an accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; asphalt; effi

37、ciency; index; penetration; pen-etration index; testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rig

38、hts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for

39、 revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing

40、 you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may

41、 be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 89 (2015)3