ASTM B881-2009 Standard Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium- Alloy Products《铝和镁合金产品的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 881 09Standard Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms and defini-tions relating to aluminum- and magnesium-alloy products. Itis published to encour

3、age uniformity of terminology through-out Committee B07 product specifications.1.2 Certain definitions and definitions of terms specific to astandard will remain in the individual standards and will not beincluded in this terminology (see 3.4).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 26/B 26M Sp

4、ecification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Cast-ingsB80 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sand CastingsB85 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die CastingsB 90/B 90M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sheet andPlateB91 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy ForgingsB 92/B 92M Specification for Unalloyed Magnesium I

5、ngotand Stick For RemeltingB 93/B 93M Specification for Magnesium Alloys in IngotForm for Sand Castings, Permanent Mold Castings, andDie CastingsB94 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Die CastingsB 107/B 107M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Profiles, Tubes, and WireB 108 Speci

6、fication for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent MoldCastingsB 179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot andMolten Forms for Castings from All Casting ProcessesB 199 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Permanent MoldCastingsB 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 210 Specificatio

7、n for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDrawn Seamless TubesB211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyBar, Rod, and WireB 221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyExtruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesB 234 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDrawn Seamless Tubes for Conden

8、sers and Heat Exchang-ersB 236 Specification for Aluminum Bars for Electrical Pur-poses (Bus Bars)B 241/B 241M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded TubeB 247 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDie Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring ForgingsB

9、 308/B 308M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-T6Standard Structural ProfilesB 313/B 313M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Round Welded TubesB 316/B 316M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB 317/B 317M Specification forAluminum-Alloy Extrude

10、dBar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Structural Profiles, and Profiles forElectrical Purposes (Bus Conductor)B 345/B 345M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube for Gasand Oil Transmission and Distribution Piping SystemsB 361 Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Alu

11、minumand Aluminum-Alloy Welding FittingsB 373 Specification for Aluminum Foil for CapacitorsB 403 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Investment Cast-ingsB 404/B 404M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat-Exchanger Tubeswith Integral Fins3B 429/B 429M Specification fo

12、rAluminum-Alloy ExtrudedStructural Pipe and TubeB 479 Specification for Annealed Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Foil for Flexible Barrier, Food Contact,and Other Applications1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Su

13、bcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B 881 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv

14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyrigh

15、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B 483/B 483M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Drawn Tube and Pipe for General Purpose Applica-tionsB 491/B 491M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Extruded Round Tubes for Ge

16、neral-Purpose Appli-cationsB 547/B 547M Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Formed and Arc-Welded Round TubeB 594 Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products for Aerospace ApplicationsB 618 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Investment Cast-ingsB 632/B 632M Specificat

17、ion for Aluminum-Alloy RolledTread PlateB 646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Alumi-num AlloysB 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum andMagnesium ProductsB 666/B 666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alu-minum and Magnesium ProductsB 686 Specification for Aluminum Alloy C

18、astings, High-StrengthB 736 Specification for Aluminum, Aluminum Alloy andAluminum-Clad Steel Cable Shielding StockB 744/B 744M Specification for Aluminum Alloy Sheet forCorrugated Aluminum PipeB 745/B 745M Specification for Corrugated AluminumPipe for Sewers and DrainsB 746/B 746M Specification for

19、 Corrugated Aluminum Al-loy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and ArchesB 807/B 807M Practice for Extrusion Press Solution HeatTreatment for Aluminum AlloysB 917/B 917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All ProcessesB 918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wro

20、ught AluminumAlloysB 928/B 928M Specification for High MagnesiumAluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate for Marine Service andSimilar EnvironmentsB 945 Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions PressCooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process forProduction of T1, T2, T5 and T10Type TempersB 947 Practice

21、 for Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treat-ment for Aluminum Alloy PlateB 955/B 955M Specification forAluminum-Alloy Centrifu-gal Castings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions are grouped by subject andlisted in alphabetical order.Alclad, adjhaving an aluminum or aluminum-alloy coatingthat is

22、metallurgically bonded to either one side or bothsurfaces of an aluminum alloy product, and that is anodic tothe alloy to which it is bonded, thus electrolytically protect-ing the core alloy against corrosion. (See also individualproduct type such as Alclad plate, Alclad sheet, and soforth). B 209,

23、B 210, B211, B 221, B 234, B 241/B 241M,B 313/B 313M, B 345/B 345M, B 404/B 404M, B 547/B 547Mbar, nsolid wrought product that is long in relation to itscross section which is square or rectangular (excluding plateand flattened wire) with sharp or rounded corners or edges,or is a regular hexagon or

24、octagon, typically supplied instraight lengthNOTE 1: In North America, the minimum perpendiculardistance between at least one set of parallel faces of a bar is0.375 in. or 10 mm; below this limit the product is called9wire9.NOTE 2: In Europe, a bar is supplied in straight length; ifsupplied in coile

25、d form, the product is called 9wire9. B 107/B 107M, B211, B 221, B 236, B 317/B 317M, B 594,B 666/B 666Mbus bar, n rigid electric conductor in the form of a bar.B 236, B 317/B 317M, B 666/B 666Mextruded bar, nbar brought to final dimensions by extrud-ing. B 107/B 107M, B 221, B 236, B 317/B 317Mroll

26、ed bar, nbar brought to final dimensions by hot rolling.B211, B 236saw-plate bar, nbar brought to final thickness by hot orcold rolling and to final width by sawing. B 236bus conductor, nrigid electric conductor of any crosssection. B 236, B 317/B 317Mcasting, nproduct at or near finished shape, for

27、med bysolidification of the metal in a mold or a die. B 666/B 666M, B 686centrifugal casting, ncasting produced by introducingmolten metal into a rotating mold and allowing it to solidifyas the mold is spun about a horizontal, inclined or verticalaxis. B 955/B 955Mcentrifuged casting, na casting pro

28、duced in a mold, anumber of which may be mounted around a central sprue.The molds are rotated, in a vertical position, about a centralaxis concentric with the central sprue, B 955/B 955Mdie casting, ncasting produced by introducing moltenmetal under substantial pressure into a metal die andcharacter

29、ized by a high degree of fidelity to the die cavity.The term 9pressure die casting9 or 9high pressure die casting9is often used for this concept. B85, B94investment casting, nprecision casting formed by a threestep process comprising:a) fabrication of a ceramic mold around a wax or thermo-plastic pa

30、ttern with a refractory slurry that sets at roomtemperature;b) removal of the pattern through the use of heat;c) pouring metal into this mold and allowing it to solidify.B 403, B 618permanent mold casting, ncasting produced by introduc-ing molten metal by gravity or low pressure into a moldconstruct

31、ed of durable material, usually iron or steel, andallowing it to solidify.NOTE: permanent mold casting where the metal solidifies ina metal mold under low pressure (typically less than 1 barabove atmospheric pressure) is also referred to as 9low pressuredie casting9. B 108, B 199B881092precision cas

32、ting, ncasting which fulfils special require-ments concerning tolerances on form and dimensions.Precision castings can be produced by different castingprocesses.sand casting, ncasting produced by pouring molten metalinto a sand mold and allowing it to solidify. B 26/B 26M,B80semi-permanent mold cast

33、ing, npermanent mold castingwhich is made using an expendable core such as sand.B 108, B 199circle, ncircular blank fabricated from plate, sheet, or foil.B 666/B 666Mextrudate, nmaterial exiting an extrusion die subject tofurther processing (quenching, stretching, cutting), to be-come an extruded pr

34、ofile. B 807/B 807Mextrusion billet, nextrusion ingot cut to length and used asthe final length of material charged into the extrusion presscylinder. It is usually a cast product but may be a wroughtproduct or sintered from powder compact. B 807/B 807Mextrusion ingot, ningot, intended and suitable f

35、or extruding,typically of solid circular cross-section, sometimes with acentral hollow or a flattened cross-section. B 807/B 807Mextrusion log, nextrusion ingot not cut to length. Extrusionlog is usually produced in lengths from which shorterextrusion billets are cut. B 807/B 807Mfoil, nflat rolled

36、product of rectangular cross-section withuniform thickness equal to or less than 0.0079 in. (0.20 mm200 microns). In the USA there is an overlap in thethickness range 0.006-0.0079 in. (0.15-0.20 mm) defined forfoil and sheet. Foil products in this gage range are suppliedto foil product specification

37、s. B 373, B 479, B 666/B 666Mbright two-side foil, nfoil having a uniform bright specularfinish on both sides. B 373, B 479matte one-side foil, nfoil having a diffuse reflecting finishon one side and a bright specular finish on the other. (Alsocalled pack rolled foil.) B 373, B 479forging, nwrought

38、product formed by hammering or press-ing, typically when hot, between open dies (hand forging) orclosed dies (drop or die forging). B91, B 247, B 666/B 666Mblocker-type forging, nforging made in a single set ofimpressions to the general contour of a finished part.B 247die forging, nforging shaped by

39、 working in closed dies.B91, B 247, B 594, B 666/B 666Mhammer forging, nforging produced by repeated blows ofa forging hammer. B91hand forging, nforging worked between flat or simplyshaped dies by repeated strokes or blows and manipulationof the piece, intending to convert the metallurgical structur

40、efrom cast to wrought prior to machining into a final part.B 247, B 594, B 666/B 666Mrolled ring forging, ncylindrical product of relatively shortheight, circumferentially rolled from a hollow section.B 247, B 594forging stock, nsolid product, typically ingot, rod, bar orprofile, intended and suitab

41、le for forging. Forging stock istypically a cast product or an extruded product. B 247ingot, ncast product intended and suitable for remelting orforming by hot or cold working. B 92/B 92M, B 93/B 93M, B 179, B 666/B 666Mmill finish, adjhaving a naturally occurring finish afterrolling which may vary

42、from piece to piece and within apiece, and which may not be entirely free of stains or oil. Seealso mill finish sheet below this limit, the product is called9wire9.NOTE 2: In Europe, a rod is supplied in straight length; ifsupplied in coiled form, the product is called 9wire9.NOTE 3: In Europe, a ro

43、d is often called 9round bar9.B 107/B 107M, B211, B 316/B 316M, B 666/B 666Mcold-finished rod, nrod brought to final dimensions bycold working to obtain improved surface finish and dimen-sional tolerances. B211cold-heading rod, nrod of a quality suitable for use in themanufacture of cold-headed prod

44、ucts such as bolts andrivets. B 316/B 316Mextruded rod, nrod brought to final dimensions by extrud-ing. B 107/B 107M, B 221, B 317/B 317Mrivet rod, nSee cold-heading rod. B 316/B 316Mshape, nthis term is no longer recommended; the termprofile is preferred.sheet, nrolled product that is rectangular i

45、n cross sectionwith nominal thickness less than 0.250 in. (outside the USAless than 6 mm) but greater than 0.006 in. (outside the USAnot less than 0.20 mm) and with slit, sheared or sawed edges.NOTE 1:Asheet can be supplied in a corrugated, embossed,coated, edge conditioned or perforated form.NOTE 2

46、: Sheet between 3 mm and 6 mm is sometimescalled “shate.”NOTE 3: In the USA there is an overlap in the thicknessrange 0.0060.0079 in. (0.150.20 mm) defined for foil andsheet. Sheet products in this gage range are supplied to sheetproduct specifications.NOTE 4: In Europe, the term 9sheet9 is only use

47、d for rolledproducts supplied in straight length, for coiled sheet the term9strip9 is used. B 90/B 90M, B 209, B 313/B 313M, B 547/B 547M, B 666/B 666M, B 928/B 928MAlclad sheet, nsheet having on one or both surfaces ametallurgically bonded aluminum coating that is anodic tothe core, thus electrolyt

48、ically protecting the core againstcorrosion. B 209, B 313/B 313M, B 547/B 547MAlclad one-side sheet, nAlclad sheet with only one sidecoated. B 209, B 547/B 547Mcoiled sheet, nsheet in coils with slit edges. B 209,B 313/B 313M, B 547/B 547M, B 666/B 666M, B 928/B 928Mflat sheet, nsheet with sheared,

49、slit, or sawed edges, whichhas been flattened or leveled. B 209, B 313/B 313M,B 547/B 547M, B 666/B 666Mmill finish sheet, nsheet having a finish defined by theactual roll grinding and rolling conditions, without furtherspecification from a customer or a standard. The finish ofmill finish sheet can vary from sheet to sheet or within onesheet. B 209, B 632/B 632M, B 928/B 928Mone-side bright mill finish sheet, nsheet having a moderatedegree of brightness on one side, and a mill finish on theother. B 209standard one-side bright finish