ASTM B456-2011e1 Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium《铜+镍+铬和镍+铬电镀层的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: B456 111Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel PlusChromium and Nickel Plus Chromium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEThis standard was correc

3、ted editorially in 2011.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for several typesand grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chro-mium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel pluschromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel pluschromium coatings on Type 300 a

4、nd 400 series stainless steeland copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminumand its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where bothappearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosionare important. Five grades of coatings are provided to corre-spond with the service conditions

5、 under which each is expectedto provide satisfactory performance: namely, extended verysevere, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitionsand typical examples of these service conditions are providedin Appendix X1.1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements forthe plating on plas

6、tics, see Specification B604.1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the testmethods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4,and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibil

7、ity of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB242 Guide for Preparation of High-C

8、arbon Steel for Elec-troplatingB252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings forElectroplating and Conversion CoatingsB253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-troplatingB254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless SteelB281 Practice for Preparation of Copper

9、and Copper-BaseAlloys for Electroplating and Conversion CoatingsB320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-SaltSpray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing of DecorativeElectrodeposited Coatings by th

10、e Corrodkote ProcedureB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of CrossSectionB489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings onMetalsB490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Duct

11、ility ofElectrodepositsB499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by

12、 the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited NickelCoatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic SubstratesB537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjectedto Atmospheric ExposureB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray Spectrometry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

13、 Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.03 on Decorative Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B456 11. DOI: 10.1520/B0456-11E01.2For r

14、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

15、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatingsof Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on PlasticsB659 Guide

16、 for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inor-ganic CoatingsB697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB764 Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Elec-trode P

17、otential Determination of Individual Layers inMultilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, andRelated MaterialsG85 Practice for

18、 Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 1456 Metallic coatingsElectrodeposited coatings ofnickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel pluschromium33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential

19、to the appearance orserviceability of the article, or both, when assembled in normalposition; or that can be the source of corrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. When neces-sary, the significant surfaces shall be specified by the purchaserand shall be indicated on t

20、he drawings of the parts, or by theprovision of suitably marked samples.3.1.2 p-pointsspecific points of measurement that areencouraged to be determined and agreed upon with thecustomer early in the contract review process. These are usedfor measurement of critical characteristics that vary withcurr

21、ent density such as thickness, STEP, active sites, etc. andmay be designated at multiple locations per part.4. Classification4.1 Five grades of coatings designated by service conditionnumbers and several types of coatings defined by classificationnumbers are covered by this specification.4.2 Service

22、 Condition Number:4.2.1 The service condition number indicates the severity ofexposure for which the grade of coating is intended:SC 5 extended severe serviceSC 4 very severe service,SC 3 severe service,SC 2 moderate service, andSC 1 mild service.4.2.2 Typical service conditions for which the variou

23、sservice condition numbers are appropriate are given in Appen-dix X1.4.3 Coating Classification NumberThe coating classifica-tion number comprises:4.3.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal (or for theprincipal metal if an alloy) followed by a slash mark, except inthe case of stainless steel. In

24、this case, the designation shall beSS followed by the designated AISI number followed by aslash, that is, SS463/,4.3.2 The chemical symbol for copper (Cu) (if copper isused),4.3.3 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thecopper coating in micrometers (if copper is used),4.3.4 A lower-case let

25、ter designating the type of copperdeposit (if copper is used) (see 4.4 and 6.2.3),4.3.5 The chemical symbol for nickel (Ni),4.3.6 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thenickel coating, in micrometers,4.3.7 A lower-case letter designating the type of nickeldeposit (see 4.4 and 6.2.4),4.3.8 T

26、he chemical symbol for chromium (Cr), and4.3.9 A letter (or letters) designating the type of chromiumdeposit and its minimum thickness in micrometers (see 4.4 and6.2.5).4.4 Symbols for Expressing ClassificationThe followinglower-case letters shall be used in coating classification num-bers to descri

27、be the types of coatings:a ductile copper deposited from acid-type bathsb single-layer nickel deposited in the fully-bright conditiond double- or triple-layer nickel coatingsr regular (that is, conventional) chromiummc microcracked chromiummp microporous chromium4.5 Example of Complete Classificatio

28、n NumbersA coat-ing on steel comprising 15 m minimum (ductile acid) copperplus 25 m minimum (duplex) nickel plus 0.25 m minimum(micro-cracked) chromium has the classification number: Fe/Cu15aNi25d Cr mc (see 4.3 and 6.2 for explanation ofsymbols).5. Ordering Information5.1 When ordering articles to

29、be electroplated in confor-mance with this standard, the purchaser shall state the follow-ing:5.1.1 The ASTM designation number of this standard.5.1.2 Either the classification number of the specific coatingrequired (see 4.3) or the substrate material and the servicecondition number denoting the sev

30、erity of the conditions it isrequired to withstand (see 4.2). If the service condition numberis quoted and not the classification number, the manufacturer isfree to supply any of the types of coatings designated by theclassification numbers corresponding to the specified servicecondition number, as

31、given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5. On request, the manufacturer shall inform thepurchaser of the classification number of the coating applied.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzer

32、land, http:/www.iso.ch.B456 11125.1.3 The appearance required, for example, bright, dull, orsatin. Alternatively, samples showing the required finish orrange of finish shall be supplied or approved by the purchaser.5.1.4 The significant surfaces, to be indicated on drawingsof the parts, or by the pr

33、ovision of suitably marked specimens(see 3.1).5.1.5 The positions on significant surfaces for rack orcontact marks, where such marks are unavoidable (see 6.1.1).5.1.6 The extent to which defects shall be tolerated onnonsignificant surfaces.5.1.7 The elongation of copper if other than the standardval

34、ue (see 6.4).5.1.8 The ductility of the nickel if other than the standardvalue (see 6.5).5.1.9 The extent of tolerable surface deterioration aftercorrosion testing (see 6.8.3).5.1.10 Sampling methods and acceptance levels (see Sec-tion 7).5.1.11 The minimum values of the electrode potential dif-fere

35、nces between individual nickel layers as measured inaccordance with Test Method B764 within the limits given in6.9.5.1.12 Adhesion TestThe adhesion test to be used (see6.3).6. Product Requirements6.1 Visual Defects:6.1.1 The significant surfaces of the electroplated articleshall be free of clearly v

36、isible plating defects, such as blisters,pits, roughness, cracks, and uncoated areas and shall not bestained or discolored. On articles where a visible contact markis unavoidable, its position shall be agreed upon by thepurchaser and the plater. The electroplated article shall be cleanand free of da

37、mage.6.1.2 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such asscratches, porosity, nonconducting inclusions, roll and diemarks, cold shuts, and cracks, may adversely affect theappearance and the performance of coatings applied theretodespite the observance of the best electroplating practices.Accordi

38、ngly, the platers responsibility for defects in thecoating resulting from such conditions shall be waived.NOTE 1To minimize problems of this type, the specifications cover-ing the basis material or the item to be electroplated should containTABLE 1 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelNOTE 1When pe

39、rmitted by the purchaser, copper may be used as anundercoat for nickel but is not substitutable for any part of the nickelthickness specified. If the use of copper is permitted, Table 2 may be usedto obtain the same service conditions.Satin nickel may replace or bedeposited over the bright nickel la

40、yer per supplier recommendations.Sub-strate condition can have a significant impact on corrosion performanceService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Ni35d Cr mc 35Fe/Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Fe/Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Fe/Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 2 Fe/Ni20b Cr r

41、 20Fe/Ni15b Cr mc 15Fe/Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Fe/Ni10b Cr r 10TABLE 2 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 4 Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mc

42、 20Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mp 20TABLE 3 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on ZincAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 5 Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mc 35Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mc 30Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mc 20Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mp 20SC 2 Zn/Cu5 N

43、i20b Cr r 20Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mc 15Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Zn/Cu5 Ni10b Cr r 10TABLE 4 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on Copper or CopperAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 4 Cu/Ni25d Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Cu/Ni20d Cr mc 20Cu/Ni20d Cr mp 20Cu/Ni30b Cr r 30Cu/Ni25

44、b Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25b Cr mp 25SC 2 Cu/Ni15b Cr r 15Cu/Ni10b Cr mc 10Cu/Ni10b Cr mp 10SC 1 Cu/Ni5b Cr r 5TABLE 5 Nickel Plus ChromiumAon Stainless Steels, AISIDesignated Type 300 and 400 Series,Band Copper Plus NickelPlus Chromium on Aluminum and Its AlloysNOTE 1Before nickel-chromium plating, the stain

45、less steel surfaceand the aluminum substrate shall be prepared by a pretreatment fromPractice B254,CGuide B253,Dor equivalent, which is agreed uponbetween the supplier and the user.Service ConditionNo.Classification No.Nickel Thickness,mSC 4 SS-3XXE/Ni20b/Cr mp 20SC 4 SS-4xxE/Ni25b/Cr mp 25SC 5 Al/C

46、u15a/Ni40d/Cr mp 40AData in Table 5 were obtained using only microporous chromium systems. Nodata are available for the use of standard or microcracked systems.BThe stainless steel alloy numbers used in this specification are based on theAISI system. They may not be interchangeable with other number

47、ing systemssuch as the United Numbering System (UNS) or foreign designations.CPreplate for stainless steel substrates.DPreplate for aluminum substrates.EInsert number for specific 300 or 400 alloy.B456 1113appropriate limitations on such basis metal conditions.6.2 Process and Coating Requirements:6.

48、2.1 Proper preparatory procedures and thorough cleaningof the basis metal surface are essential for satisfactory adhesionand corrosion performance of the coating. Accordingly, theapplicable practices for the preparation of various basis metalsfor electroplating shall be followed. Practices B183, B24

49、2,B252, B281, and B320 are examples of practices that may beused for the preparation of basis metals.6.2.2 Following the preparatory operations, the parts (ar-ticles) to be electroplated are introduced in such plating bathsas required to produce the types of deposits described by thespecific coating classification numbers or one of the coatingclassification numbers listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5 appropriate for the specified service conditionnumber.6.2.3 Type of Copper and Deposit Thickness:6.2.3.1 Type of CopperThe type of co