ASTM A991 A991M-2008 Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products.pdf
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1、Designation: A 991/A 991M 08Standard Test Method forConducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of FurnacesUsed to Heat Treat Steel Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 991/A 991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conducta temperature uniformity surv
3、ey on a furnace used to heat treatsteel products. This method is used to determine the capabilityof the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variationspecified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed toby the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Surveydocumentation req
4、uirements, and the procedure used to subse-quently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in thistest method.1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of thefollowing categories:1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and1.2.3 Salt or liqui
5、d baths and fluidized beds.1.3 This test method only applies when specified in theproduct specification or the purchase order.1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products usingthermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is analternative to performing a furnace survey.1.5 By mutual a
6、greement between the purchaser and thesupplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additionalrequirements may be specified. The acceptance of any suchadditional requirements shall be dependent on negotiationswith the supplier and must be included in the order as agreedupon by the purchaser
7、 and supplier.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-co
8、nformancewith the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p
9、rior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Ther-moelement Materials by Comparison with a ReferenceThermoelement of Similar EMF-Temperature PropertiesE 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE 230 Specificat
10、ion and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE 608/E 608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples2.2 SAE Standard:3AMS 2750 Pyrometry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 batch furnace, nheatin
11、g device in which materialmay be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, nheating devicethrough which material is moved intentionally at a constantrate during the processing cycle.3.1.3 extremities, nas referring to furnace working zone;outer bounda
12、ries in all three dimensions (length, width, andheight) of the material being processed.3.1.4 operating range, nexpected range of temperatureover which a furnace will be controlled to heat treat steelproducts.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel
13、and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of SteelProducts and Processes.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 99
14、1/A 991M 98(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engin
15、eers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 primary survey, ninitial evaluation
16、 of the furnace,or an evaluation triggered by the initiation of a major furnacemodification.3.1.6 secondary survey, nevaluation of the furnace trig-gered by the expiration of a time requirement.3.1.7 semi-continuous conveyance furnace, nheating de-vice through which material is moved intentionally w
17、ith apredetermined start-stop-start pattern during the processingcycle.3.1.8 working zone, nmaximum volume and location inthe furnace that meet the permissible temperature variation.4. Significance and Use4.1 Furnaces for heat treatment of steel products are used inmany industries, in many ways. Reg
18、ardless of heat treatfurnace type, or processing cycle, it may be necessary for usersto know the temperature uniformity in the furnace and whetherthe material is processed in a zone within the furnace that iscapable of meeting the applicable permissible temperaturevariation requirements.4.2 The proc
19、edures in this test method may be used by thoseusing, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for,heat treat furnaces used to process steel products.5. Furnace Survey Equipment5.1 Thermocouples:5.1.1 Metal sheathed thermocouples shall be in accordancewith Specification E 608/E 608M.5.1.2 Th
20、e use of extension wires is permitted when com-pensated connectors, plugs, jacks, and terminal strips are used.5.1.3 Thermocouples made from spool wire shall meet therequirements of AMS 2750.5.1.4 The use of spliced extension wire is prohibited.5.1.5 Thermocouples may be reused if the requirements o
21、fAMS 2750 (except Paragraphs 3.1.1.10 and 3.1.1.11 of Rev. D)are met.5.2 Calibration:5.2.1 All reference, primary, secondary, test and workingequipment, instrumentation and sensors used in conjunctionwith this test method shall meet the requirements of calibrationdefined by Test Methods E 207 and E
22、220.5.2.2 Temperature measuring devices shall be calibratedwithin three months prior to use.5.2.3 Calibration shall be traceable to the National Instituteof Standards Technology standards, or equivalent nationalstandards. Calibration to such national standards shall be doneat least once every two ye
23、ars.5.2.4 Calibration shall be within the temperature range to beused in the survey and at intervals not greater than 200F100C for primary and secondary standards.5.2.5 Correction factors, limits of error, and deviations shallbe in accordance with Specification E 230.6. Requirements6.1 Uniformity Su
24、rvey Test Conditions:6.1.1 The furnace to be surveyed shall be capable of beingtested at set point temperature(s) typical for the normaloperating range.6.1.1.1 If the operating range does not exceed a spread of300F 150C, the midpoint temperature shall be selected forthe survey.6.1.1.2 If the operati
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