ASTM A805-2008 Standard Specification for Steel Flat Wire Carbon Cold-Rolled.pdf

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1、Designation: A 805 08Standard Specification forSteel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat wire in coilsor cu

3、t lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section,rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. 12.7 mm or less in width andunder 0.250 in. 6.35 mm in thickness.1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steelcompositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25 % bycast or heat analysis.1.3 Carbon sp

4、ring steel flat wire is produced to a carbonrange in which the specified or required maximum is over0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are pro-duced:1.3.1.1 Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flatwire, produced to several desirable combinations o

5、f propertiesand1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed fora specific application and may be specified only by size anddescriptive name.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in

6、 parentheses are for informa-tion only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forC

7、hemical Analysis of Steel ProductsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness

8、, andScleroscope Hardness2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2.3 Federal Standard:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.4 SAE Standard:4Recommended Practice SAE J 419 Methods of MeasuringDecarburization3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific

9、 to This Standard:3.1.1 annealingthe process of heating to and holding at asuitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, forsuch purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired me-chanical, physical, or other properties.3.

10、1.2 batch annealingannealing that is generally per-formed in large cylindrical bell type or large rectangular box orcar-type furnaces. The product is protected from scaling anddecarburization by the use of a controlled atmosphere thatenvelops the charge in an inner chamber sealed to prevent theinflu

11、x of air or products of combustion. The coils or bundlesare heated to a temperature in the vicinity of the lower criticaltemperature for the grade of steel, and held at that temperaturefor a definite length of time; after which the steel is allowed tocool slowly to room temperature. The time of hold

12、ing at theannealing temperature varies with the grade of the steel and thedesired degree of softness.3.1.3 continuous or strand annealingannealing that con-sists of passing a number of individual strands of flat wirecontinuously through either a muffle furnace or a bath ofmolten lead or salt, thus h

13、eating the flat wire to the desiredtemperature for a definite time. The hardness obtained by this1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.Current edi

14、tion approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 805 93 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i

15、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealt

16、hDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.type of annealing, as measured by Rockwell hardness number,is normal

17、ly somewhat higher than is secured by batch-typeannealing. Other characteristics peculiar to strandannealedsteel require this type of annealing for some flat wire products.3.1.4 salt annealingannealing that is accomplished byimmersing bundles or coils of flat wire in a molten salt bath ata desired t

18、emperature for a definite time. Following theannealing, the coils are permitted to cool slowly, after whichthey are immersed in hot water to remove any adhering salts.3.1.5 spheroidize annealingan operation consisting ofprolonged heating and prolonged cooling cycles to produce aglobular or spheroida

19、l condition of the carbide for maximumsoftness.3.1.6 cold reductionthe process of reducing the thicknessof the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction isgreater than that used in skin-rolling.3.1.7 finishthe degree of smoothness or lustre of the flatwire. The production of specific finish

20、es requires specialpreparation and control of the roll surfaces employed.3.1.8 hardening and temperinga heat treatment for steelover 0.25 % carbon by cast or heat analysis involving continu-ous strand heating at finish size to an appropriate temperatureabove the critical temperature range, followed

21、by quenching inoil and finally passing the strands through a tempering bath.This heat treatment is used in the production of such commodi-ties as oil-tempered spring wire for use in certain types ofmechanical springs that are not subjected to a final heattreatment after forming. Oil-tempered wire is

22、 intended prima-rily for the manufacture of products that are required towithstand high stresses. The mechanical properties and resil-iency of oil-tempered wire provide resistance to permanent setunder repeated and continuous stress applications.3.1.9 patentinga thermal treatment usually confined to

23、steel over 0.25 % carbon. In this process individual strands ofrods or wire are heated well above the upper critical tempera-ture followed by comparatively rapid cooling in air, moltensalt, or molten lead. This treatment is generally employed toprepare the material for subsequent processing.3.1.10 s

24、kin-rolleda term denoting a relatively light cold-rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce thetendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardnessor other mechanical properties.3.1.11 tempera designatio

25、n by number to indicate thehardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. Thetempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemicalcomposition, by amounts of cold reduction, and by thermaltreatment.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefoll

26、owing information, as necessary, to describe adequately thedesired product:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Name of material (flat wire identified by type),4.1.3 Analysis or grade, if required (Section 6),4.1.4 Temper of low carbon or type of spring steel (Sections9, 10, and 11),4.1.5 Edge (Section 7),4.1.6 Fin

27、ish or coating (Sections 14 and 12),4.1.7 Dimensions,4.1.8 Coil type and size requirements (Section 17),4.1.9 Packaging (17.1),4.1.10 Condition (oiled or not oiled) (14.4),4.1.11 ASTM designation and date of issue,4.1.12 Copper-bearing steel, if required,4.1.13 Application (part identification or de

28、scription),4.1.14 Case or heat analysis (request, if desired), and4.1.15 Exceptions to the specification, if required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 18 000 lbLow-Carbon Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Wire, Temper 4, Edge 4,Finish 2, 0.125 by 0.450-in. vibrated coils, 2000 lb max,

29、 coil weight, 16to 20 in. ID, 36 in. max OD, Face dimension 6 to 10 in., ASTM A 805 XX, for Stove Frames.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Low-carbon steel flat wire is normally produced fromrimmed, capped, or semi-killed steel. When required, killedsteel may be specified, with silicon or aluminum as

30、thedeoxidizer.5.2 Untempered-carbon spring steel flat wire is commonlyproduced from killed steel, although semi-killed steel is some-times used.5.3 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel flat wirecustomarily has a carbon content over 0.60 %.5.4 Flat wire is generally produced from hot-rolled rods

31、 orround wire, by one or more cold-rolling operations, primarilyfor the purpose of obtaining the size and section desired and forimproving surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and varyingmechanical properties. Flat wire can also be produced fromslitting hot- or cold-rolled flat steel to the desired

32、 width. Thehot-rolled slit flat steel is subsequently cold reduced. The widthto thickness ratio and the specified type of edge generallydetermine the process that is necessary to produce a specificflat-wire item.5.5 The production of good surface quality flat wire isdependent upon scale-free and cle

33、an wire, rod, or hot-rolledsteel prior to cold-rolling. Scale removal can be accomplishedby chemical or mechanical cleaning.5.6 Edge rolls, machined with contour grooves, may be usedin conjunction with flat-rolling passes to produce the desirededge shape.5.7 Straightness in flat wire may be controll

34、ed by the use ofroll straighteners alone or in conjunction with cold-rollingpasses.5.8 Edges of flat wire produced by slitting wider flat-rolledsteel can be dressed, depending upon requirements by:5.8.1 DeburringAprocess by which burrs are removed byrolling or filing to obtain an approximate square

35、edge;5.8.2 RollingA process by which the slit edge is dressedby edge rolling to the desired contour; and5.8.3 FilingA process by which the slit edge is filed to aspecific contour and dimension by passing one or more timesagainst a series of files mounted at various angles.6. Chemical Composition6.1

36、Limits:A8050826.1.1 When carbon steel flat wire is specified to chemicalcomposition, the compositions are commonly prepared usingthe ranges and limits shown in Table 1. The elements compris-ing the desired chemical composition are specified in one ofthree ways:6.1.1.1 By a maximum limit, Tables 2-56

37、.1.1.2 By a minimum limit, or6.1.1.3 By minimum and maximum limits, termed the“range.” By common usage, the range is the arithmeticaldifference between the two limits (for example, 0.60 to 0.71 is0.11 range).6.1.2 When carbon steel flat wire is produced from roundrods or wire it may be designated by

38、 grade number. In suchcases the chemical ranges and limits of Table 6, Table 7, Table8, and Table 9 of Specification A 510 shall apply.6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:6.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be madeby the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsspecified or restri

39、cted by the applicable specification.6.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elementslisted or required shall be reported to the purchaser or hisrepresentative.6.3 Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser on thefinished material.6.3.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologicallysuite

40、d to product analysis due to the nonuniform character oftheir chemical composition and, therefore, the tolerances inTable 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on thesetypes of steel only when misapplication is apparent, or forcopper when copper steel is specified.6.3.2 For steels other th

41、an rimmed or capped, when productanalysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shallnot vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts inTable 2. The several determinations of any element shall notvary both above and below the specified range.6.3.3 When flat wire is produced from

42、 round rods or wire,and when a grade number is used to specify the chemicalcomposition, the values obtained on a product analysis shallnot vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts inTable 10 of Specification A 510.6.4 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods, Prac-tices and Ter

43、minology A 751 shall be used.7. Edge7.1 The desired edge shall be specified as follows:7.1.1 Number 1 Edge is a prepared edge of a specifiedcontour (round or square) which is produced when a veryaccurate width is required or when the finish of the edgesuitable for electroplating is required, or both

44、.7.1.2 Number 2 Edge is not applicable to flat wire products.7.1.3 Number 3 Edge is an approximately square edgeproduced by slitting.7.1.4 Number 4 Edge is a rounded edge produced either byedge rolling or resulting from the flat rolling of a round section.Width tolerance and edge condition are not a

45、s exacting as fora No. 1 Edge.7.1.5 Number 5 Edge is an approximately square edgeproduced from slitedge material on which the burr is elimi-nated by rolling or filing.TABLE 1 Cast or Heat AnalysisElementStandard Chemical Ranges and Limits, %When Maximum of SpecifiedElement isRangeCarbonAto 0.15 incl

46、 0.05over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.06over 0.30 to 0.40 incl 0.07over 0.40 to 0.60 incl 0.08over 0.60 to 0.80 incl 0.11over 0.80 to 1.35 incl 0.14Manganeseto 0.50 incl 0.20over 0.50 to 1.15 incl 0.30over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.35PhosphorusBto 0.08 incl 0.03over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05SulfurBto 0.08 incl 0.03o

47、ver 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05over 0.15 to 0.23 incl 0.07over 0.23 to 0.33 incl 0.10SiliconCto 0.15 incl 0.08over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.15over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.30CopperWhen copper is required 0.20 mini-mum is commonly specified.ACarbonThe carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range applywhen the sp

48、ecified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00 %. Whenthe maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00 %, add 0.01 to the carbon rangesshown above.BPhosphorus and SulfurThe standard lowest maximum limits for phosphorusand sulfur are 0.030 % and 0.035 % respectively. Certain qualities, descriptions

49、, orspecifications are furnished to lower standard maximum limits.CSiliconThe standard lowest maximum for silicon is 0.10 %.TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product AnalysisAElementLimit, or Maxi-mum of Speci-fied Element, %Tolerance, %UnderMinimumLimitOver Maxi-mum LimitCarbon to 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05over 0.80 0.03 0.06Manganese to 0.60 incl 0.03 0.03over 0.60 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.05 0.05Phosphorus . . . . . . 0.01Sulfur . . 0.01Silicon to 0.30 incl 0.02 0.03over 0.30 to 0.60 i