ASTM A551 A551M-2008 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid Transit Applications《铁路和高速交通用碳钢轮胎的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 551/A 551M 08Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid TransitApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 551/A 551M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th

2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven classes of carbon steeltires for railway and rapid transit use.1.1.1 Class

3、 AFor untreated driving tires for locomotivesin passenger service.1.1.2 Class AHTFor heat-treated driving tires for locomo-tives in passenger service.1.1.3 Class BFor untreated driving tires for freight loco-motives and tires for locomotive-truck, tender-truck, trailer andcar wheels, and miscellaneo

4、us service.1.1.4 Class BHTFor heat-treated driving tires for freightlocomotives and tires for trailer wheels.1.1.5 Class CFor untreated tires for switching locomo-tives.1.1.6 Class CHTFor heat-treated driving tires and switch-ing locomotives and tires for locomotive-trucks, tender-trucks,trailer and

5、 car wheels, and miscellaneous service.1.1.7 Class DHTFor heat-treated driving tires for loco-motives with light braking conditions, heavily loaded trailertires, and rapid transit wheels where off-tread brakes areemployed.1.2 Supplementary requirements, including those in thegeneral requirements of

6、Specification A 788/A 788M, are pro-vided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired.These shall apply only when specified individually by thepurchaser in the order.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)units are to be regarded separately as standards. Within the tex

7、tand tables the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thespecification.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicab

8、le “M” specifica-tion designation, the tires shall be furnished to the inch-poundunits.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirements2.2 AAR Standard:AAR M-107/M-2

9、08 Wheels, Carbon Steel33. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking

10、, certifica-tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementaryrequirements.3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith those of Specification A 788/A 788M, then the require-ments of this specification shall prevail.3.2 In addition to the ordering requirements fro

11、m Specifi-cation A 788/A 788M, the following details should be sup-plied:3.2.1 Full identification of tread and flange contour withdimensional drawings as required,3.2.2 Inside diameter to be rough machined or finished,3.2.3 Intended service, and3.2.4 Chemical composition requirements, if different

12、fromthose given in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyappr

13、oved in 1965 to replace Specifications A 26 and A 329. Last previous editionapproved in 2007 as A 551/A 551M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the

14、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAssociation ofAmerican Railroads, 50 “F” St., Washington, DC20001.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U

15、nited States.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 Chemical CompositionThe steel shall conform to therequirements for chemical composition specified in Table 1,unless otherwise required by the purchaser (see 3.2.4).4.1.1 The purchaser may use the product analysis provisionsof Specification A 788/A 788M for ti

16、res produced to therequirements of Table 1. By agreement with the manufacturer,these provisions may be used also when the provisions of 3.2.4apply.5. Manufacture5.1 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made from eachingot to assure freedom from piping and undue segregation.5.2 Post Forge CoolingAll ti

17、res, immediately after beingrolled, shall be slow cooled in a manner to accomplish propertransformation without damage.5.3 Heat Treatment:5.3.1 Classes AHT, BHT, CHT, and DHT shall be heated toand held at the proper temperature for a sufficient time to effectthe desired transformation and then shall

18、 be immersed in asuitable quenching medium.5.3.2 Following quenching, the tires shall be charged into afurnace for tempering to meet the hardness requirements of6.1.1, and then cooled under suitable conditions.6. Hardness Requirement6.1 Classes AHT, BHT, CHT, and DHT shall be accepted onthe basis of

19、 a Brinell hardness test on the front face of 10 % ofthe tires from each heat at a location approximately 1 in. 25mm below the tread.6.1.1 The tires shall conform to the following limits:Class AHT BHT CHT DHTBrinellhardness223 to277255 to302285 to331321 to3636.1.2 Where continuous heat-treating furn

20、aces are used,should any of the tested tires fail to meet the hardnessrequirements of 6.1.1, the manufacturer may offer for indi-vidual hardness measurements, all of the tires of that heat in thelot for inspection. Those meeting the hardness requirements of6.1.1 shall be accepted.6.1.3 Where batch h

21、eat-treating furnaces are used, shouldany of the tires fail to meet the requirements of 6.1.1, themanufacturer may offer all of the tires in the heat treatment lotfor individual hardness measurement. Those meeting the hard-ness requirements of 6.1.1 shall be accepted.7. Reheat Treatment7.1 The heat

22、treatment of any tires failing to meet thespecified hardness may be repeated in accordance with 5.3.1and retested in accordance with Section 6.8. Mating8.1 The tires shall be grouped according to outside diameterand shipped in sets.8.2 The variation in outside diameters in each set shall notexceed11

23、6 in. 1.5 mm for tires 33 in. 825 mm or under inoutside diameter, nor exceed332 in. 2.5 mm for tires over 33in. 825 mm in outside diameter.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions9.1 Tires may be furnished with all surfaces as-rolled, andshall conform to the dimensions specified. When not specified,t

24、he following tolerances are acceptable:9.1.1 Height of FlangeThe flange height shall not be less,but may be116 in. 1.5 mm more, than that specified.9.1.2 Thickness of FlangeThe flange thickness shall notvary more than116 in. 1.5 mm from that specified.9.1.3 Radius of ThroatThe throat radius shall no

25、t varymore than18 in. 3 mm over, nor more than116 in. 1.5 mmunder, that specified.9.1.4 Width of TiresThe tire width may be316 in. 4.8mm more than that specified.9.1.5 Inside DiameterFor shrink fit tires, the rough insidediameter shall not be more, but may be14 in. 6 mm less, thanthat specified. Whe

26、n the finished inside diameter only isspecified, the rough diameter shall be from316 to716 in. 5 to11 mm less than this diameter.9.1.6 Outside DiameterUnless otherwise specified forshrink fit tires, the outside diameter, when 54 in. 1350 mm orunder, shall not be less, but may be12 in. 12.5 mm more t

27、hanTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement wt % Classes A and AHT Classes B and BHT Classes C, CHT, and DHTCarbon 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.75 0.70 0.85Manganese 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90Phosphorous, max 0.030 0.030 0.030Sulfur 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040Silicon 0.15 1.00 0.15 1.00 0.15 1.00Nickel,

28、maxA0.25 0.25 0.25Chromium, maxA0.25 0.25 0.25Molybdenum, maxA0.10 0.10 0.10Vanadium, maxA0.040 0.040 0.040Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35Aluminum, max 0.060 0.060 0.060Titanium, max 0.03 0.03 0.03Columbium, max (Niobium) 0.05 0.05 0.05AThe manufacturer may exceed the noted maximum limits for nickel, chr

29、omium, molybdenum, or vanadium provided that the following relationship (AAR M-107/M-208)is met:930 570 3 %C 80 3 %Mn 20 3 %Si 50 3 %Cr 30 3 %Ni 20 3%Mo1 %V!# . 390A 551/A 551M 082that specified; and when over 54 in. 1350 mm, shall not varymore than18 in. 3 mm under, nor more than38 in. 10 mmover th

30、at specified.9.1.7 RotundityTires shall not be out-of-round more than116 in. 1.5 mm for tires 33 in. 825 mm or under in outsidediameter, nor more than332 in. 2.5 mm for tires over 33 in.825 mm in outside diameter.10. Marking10.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specifica-tionA 788/A 788M,

31、the name of the manufacturer or brand, theserial number, heat number, date of manufacture, and classshall be legibly stamped on each tire close to the inside edgewhere they will not be removed by the last turning.11. Keywords11.1 forged wheel tires; locomotive tires; rail applications;rail car tires

32、SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Incidental Alloying ElementsS1.1 Incidental elements for the grades specified in Table 1shall not exceed the limits shown in Table S1.1.S1.2 The values determined for the elements listed in TableS1.1 shall be reported with the heat analysis.S2. Classes AHT, BHT, CHT, an

33、d DHTS2.1 In addition to hardness testing, one tension test shall bemade from one tire per heat, per heat treatment charge.S2.2 The tension test, done in accordance with Test Methodsand Definitions A 370, shall conform to the requirements ofTable S2.1.S2.3 The tension test specimen shall be taken fr

34、om theposition indicated in Fig. S2.1.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 551/A 551M 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2008.)(1) Revised Titanium limit in Table 1 for Classes C, CHT, an

35、dDHT.Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 551/A 551M 05) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2007.)(1) Revised Table 1.TABLE S1.1 Incidental Alloying ElementsElement Composition, max, %Chromium 0.15Nickel 0.25M

36、olybdenum 0.06TABLE S2.1 Tension TestsClassTensile Strength, minElongation in2 in. or 50mm, min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %ksi MPaAHT 110 760 16.0 32.0BHT 125 860 14.0 28.0CHT 140 965 12.0 24.0DHT 155 1070 10.0 20.0FIG. S2.1 Location in Tire of Tension Test SpecimenA 551/A 551M 083ASTM International

37、takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own

38、 responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be add

39、ressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at

40、 the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 551/A 551M 084