ASTM A453 A453M-2012 Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels《膨胀系数与奥氏体不锈钢相似的高温螺栓标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation:A453/A453M11 Designation: A453/A453M 12Standard Specification forHigh-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion CoefficientsComparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A453/A453M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y

2、earof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depart

3、ment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers five grades of bolting with twelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi 345 to827 MPa for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners for pressure vessel and valve flanges. See SpecificationA962/A962M for the definition of

4、bolting. The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purposeapplications.1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option o

5、f the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shallonly apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable “M” spec

6、ification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eac

7、h system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service andOth

8、er Special Purpose ApplicationsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryogenic to theCreep RangeE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsF1470Practice for Fastener Sampling for

9、Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection Test Methods forConducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heat-treatment chargeone heat of material heat treated in one batch. If a c

10、ontinuous operation is used, the weightprocessed as a heat-treatment charge shall not exceed the weights in Table 1.3.1.2 lota lot shall consist of the quantities shown in Table 2.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces

11、),4.1.2 Description of item (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materia

12、ls for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A453/A453M101. DOI:10.1520/A0453_A0453M-11.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally appro

13、ved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A453/A453M11. DOI:10.1520/A0453_A0453M-12.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specification SA-453 in Section II of that Code.3For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custo

14、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to th

15、e previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary

16、of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Grade and class (see Table 3),4.1.4 Method of finishing (see 6.1),4.1.5 Type of thread desired (see 6.1.1),4.1.6 Alternative

17、test method option (see 8.2.4.3),4.1.7 Bolt shape option, if any,4.1.8 Thread option, if any,4.1.9 Test method for surface quality, if any,4.1.10 Test location option, if any,4.1.11 Rejection option, if any, and4.1.12 If stress-rupture testing is not required, except for Grade 660 Class D and Grade

18、668 (see 8.2.1).5. Common Requirements5.1 Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. These requirementsinclude test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optional supplementary requirements, and others. Failureto comply

19、 with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case ofconflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Finishing Process:6.1.1 Threads may

20、be formed by machining or rolling. Threads may be formed after precipitation heat treatment or after solutionanneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment. Type designations are as follows:Type M1threads formed by machining after precipitation heat treatment.Type M2threads formed by machining aft

21、er solution anneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.Type R1threads formed by rolling after precipitation heat treatment.Type R2threads formed by rolling after solution anneal but prior to precipitation heat treatment.When not specified by the purchaser, the type supplied shall be the option

22、 of the manufacturer.6.2 Heat TreatmentEach grade and class shall be heat treated as prescribed in Table 4.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 3.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsThe material in eac

23、h heat-treatment charge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile requirements inTable 5.8.1.2 Number of Specimens:8.1.2.1 Heat-Treated BarsWhen not more than two sizes of bars are heat treated in the same load, one tension test shall bemade from each size in each heat of material in the heat-tr

24、eatment charge (see 3.1.1). When more than two sizes of bars are treatedin the same charge, one tension test shall be made from one bar of each of the two largest diameters from each heat of materialin the heat-treating charge.8.1.2.2 Finished PartsOne tension test shall be made if the lot consists

25、of parts of the same nominal diameter. If the lotconsists of parts of more than one nominal diameter, one tension test shall be made from each nominal diameter of each heatinvolved in the lot (see Section 3).8.2 Stress-Rupture Test:TABLE 1 Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge SizesDiameter, in. mm Weigh

26、t, lb kgTo 134 44 3000 1400Over 134 44 to 212 63 6000 2700Over 212 63 12000 5400TABLE 2 Lot SizesDiameter, in. mm Maximum Lot Size, lb kg112 38 and under 200 90Over 112 38 to 134 44, incl 300 140Over 134 44 to 212 63, incl 600 270Over 212 63 20 piecesA453/A453M 1228.2.1 RequirementsThe material shal

27、l conform to the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6 for designtemperatures above 800 F 427 C. Material not stress-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped NR. Grade 660 Class D andGrade 668 do not require stress-rupture and shall be stamped NR.8.2.2 The number of specimens shall be

28、 the same as the required number of tension test specimens.8.2.3 The test location and orientation shall be the same as that required for the tension test specimens.8.2.4 Test Method:8.2.4.1 The rupture test shall be performed in accordance with Practice E139.8.2.4.2 A combination smooth and notched

29、 test specimen, machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 1 and Table 7, shallbe tested in accordance with the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6. The test shall be continued to rupture. TheTABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsGrade 660 Grade 651UNS Number S66286 S63198Content, %Product A

30、nalysis Variation,Over or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.280.35 0.02Manganese 2.00 max 0.04 0.751.50 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 0.300.80 0.05N

31、ickel 24.027.0 0.20 8.011.0 0.15Chromium 13.516.0 0.20 18.021.0 0.25Molybdenum 1.001.50 0.05 1.001.75 0.05Tungsten . . 1.001.75 0.05Titanium 1.902.35 0.05 0.100.35 0.05 overColumbiumA. . 0.250.60 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over . .Vanadium 0.100.50 0.03 . .Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to . .0.001 o

32、verCopper . . 0.50 max 0.03 overGrade 662 Grade 665UNS Number S66220 S66545Content, %Product Analysis, VariationOver or Under, % Content, %Product Analysis Variation,Over or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 0.401.00 0.03 1.252.00 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040

33、 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 0.401.00 0.05 0.100.80 0.05Nickel 24.028.0 0.20 24.028.0 0.20Chromium 12.015.0 0.15 12.015.0 0.15Molybdenum 2.03.5 0.10 1.252.25 0.10Titanium 1.802.10 0.05 2.703.3 0.05Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over 0.25 max 0.05 overCopper 0.50 max

34、 0.03 over 0.25 max 0.03 overBoron 0.0010.010 0.0004 under to 0.010.07 0.0050.001 overGrade 668UNS Number S66285Content, %Product Analysis, VariationOver or Under, %Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 overManganese 2.00 max 0.04Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 overSulfur 0.030 max 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05Nickel 1

35、7.5 21.5 0.20Chromium 13.516.0 0.20Molybdenum 1.50 max 0.05Tungsten . .Titanium 2.22.8 0.05ColumbiumA. .Aluminum 0.50 max 0.05 overVanadium 0.50 max 0.03Boron 0.0010.010 0.0004 underto 0.001 overCopper . .AOr columbium plus tantalum.A453/A453M 123rupture shall occur in the smooth section of the bar.

36、8.2.4.3 As an alternative procedure and, when specifically approved by the purchaser, separate smooth and notched testspecimens, machined from adjacent sections of the same piece, with gage sections conforming to the respective dimensions ofTable 7, may be tested under the above conditions. The notc

37、hed specimen need not be tested to rupture but shall not rupture inless time than the companion smooth specimen.8.2.4.4 When the minimum specified time to rupture in Table 6 has been achieved, incremental loading may be used toaccelerate the time to rupture. At intervals of 8 to 16 h, preferably 8 t

38、o 10 h, the stress shall be increased in increments of 5000psi 34.5 MPa. Rupture location, and elongation requirements shall be as prescribed in Table 6, 8.2.4.2, and 8.2.4.3.8.3 Hardness Test:8.3.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to the room temperature hardness requirements prescribed in Ta

39、ble 5.8.3.2 Number of Tests:8.3.2.1 Bars 2 in. 50 mm and OverOne test on each mill-treated length.8.3.2.2 Bars under 2 in. 50 mmOne test on at least 10 % of the mill treated lengths.8.3.2.3 FastenersOne test each on two fasteners or on a sample per Guide F1470, Table3, sample size B for each heat lo

40、t,whichever is the larger sample. See Specification A962/A962M for the required number of tests.8.3.3 Test LocationsThe hardness test shall be made at the center of the cross section for bars up to 1 in. 25 mm in diameter,and at the midradius on bars 1 in. 25 mm and larger in diameter.TABLE 4 Heat T

41、reatment RequirementsAGradeSymbol Class Solution Treatment Hardening Treatment660 A 16506 25 F 900 6 14 C, hold 2 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 1 h, min, and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolC 1800 6 25 F 980 6

42、 14C,hold1hmin,andoilquench 1425 6 25 F 775 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool, followed by1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air coolD 1650 6 25 F 900 6 14C,hold2hmin,andliquidquench or1800 6 25 F 980 6 14C,hold1hmin,andliquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolIf necessary to achieve propertie

43、s, second age:1200 6 25 F 650 6 14 C hold 16 h, air cool651 A hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction in cross-sectionalarea, stress-relief anneal at 1200 F 650 C min or 4 h, minB hot-cold worked at 1200 F 650 C min with 15 % min reduction of cross-sectionalarea, stress-relief an

44、neal at 1350 F 730 C min for 4 h, min662 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air coolB 1950 6 25 F 1065 6 14 C, hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6

45、 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air cool665 A 18006 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air coolB 2000 6 25 F 1095 6 14 C, hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400 F 730 to 760 C, hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6

46、25 F 650 6 14C, hold 20 h, air cool668 A 1650 6 25 F 900 6 14 C, hold 2 h, min and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolB 1800 6 25 F 980 6 14 C, hold 1 h, min and liquidquench1325 6 25 F 720 6 14 C, hold 16 h, air coolATimes refer to the minimum time material is required to be at

47、temperature.A453/A453M 124TABLE 5 Mechanical Property RequirementsGrade ClassTensile Strength,minYield Strength(0.2 % Offset), minElongation in43 Diam,min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %Brinell HardnessNumberApproximate Rockwell Hardness,B and Cksi MPa ksi MPa min max660 A, B, and C 130 895 85 585 15 18

48、248341 24 HRC 37 HRCD 130 895 105 725 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC651 A 100 690 70A485 18 35 217277 95 HRB 29 HRC60B415B 95 655 60A415 18 35 212269 93 HRB 28 HRCC50B345662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRCCB 125 860 80 550 15 18 248321 24 HRC 35 HRC665 A 170 1170 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC

49、41 HRCB 155 1070 120 830 12 15 311388 32 HRC 41 HRC668 A and B 130 895 85 585 15 18 248341 24 HRC 37 HRC Editorially corrected June 2011.AMaterial sizes 3 in. 76 mm and under in diameter.BMaterial sizes over 3 in. 76 mm in diameter.CConversion numbers taken from Specification A193/A193M, Table number 2 (austenitic steels); ot