ASTM A372 A372M-2003 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels.pdf

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1、Designation: A 372/A 372M 03Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 372/A 372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers relatively thin-walled forg-ings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel

3、use. Three typesof carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included.Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vesselbodies made from seamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements ofthis specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling

4、rate willnecessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade

5、 1 Class 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 55Grade H C

6、lass 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGrade M Class 100 T

7、ype IX Class B1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI metricunits are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within thetext and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. Thevalues stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore, each system must be used independently o

8、f the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 275/A 275M Te

9、st Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel Forgings3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products4A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel Forgings3A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel

10、Pipe5A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-ments3E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average GrainSize6E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination7E 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductilityof Metallic Materials6E 433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant

11、Inspec-tion73. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788, the purchaser shall include with theinquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging and the areas of significant loading inthe fo

12、rging when required (see 6.4.2.2).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Origin

13、allypublished in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 372/A 372M 02.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.5Annual Bo

14、ok of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2

15、 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica-tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplemen

16、taryrequirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirementsof this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:4.1.1 The steel melting procedures of Specification A 788shall apply except

17、 that for Grade M forgings, only steel that hasbeen vacuum treated prior to or during the pouring of the ingot,in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen,shall be used.4.2 Production Methods:4.2.1 Methods for the production of gas bottles and similarvessels shall include the cuppi

18、ng of slabs or plates, the piercingof billets or plates, and the subsequent drawing of cups soproduced. Such semifinished forgings or seamless steel pipe ortubing shall be closed by spinning, swedging, or pressing. In allcases there shall be sufficient discard to ensure soundness in thecompleted for

19、ging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, Grades A, B, C, Dand Classes 55, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J forgingsshall be normalized, normalized and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Class 110 of Grade J forgingsshall be liquid-quenched a

20、nd tempered.4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, orwhen forgings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least12 h/in. 25 mm ofmaximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as fol-lows:Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classe

21、s 55, 65, 70 1100F 595CGrade K 1100F 595CGrade L 1000F 540CGrade J Class 110 1000F 540CGrade M 1100F 595C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previouslyquenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post weld heattreatment temperature of a weldment shall not exceed the priortempering temperature of

22、 the pressure vessel. Fabricationwelding of pressure shell is not permitted. Attachment weldingprior to heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subjectto magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be performed after

23、 all formingoperations.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply withTable 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the productanalysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain a productanalysis from a f

24、orging representing each heat or multiple heat.5.3 Starting material produced to a specification that spe-cifically requires the addition of any element beyond thoselisted in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is notpermitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation orinclusion control a

25、dditions. Supplementary Requirements S1and S2 of Specification A 788 shall apply.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after thefinal heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A 370, the material shal

26、l conform tothe requirements of Table 2. The yield strength shall bedetermined by the 0.2 % offset method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepending upon the outside diam-eter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or bored forgings,a bend test or flattening test will be required.6.3.1 For bored or hollow fo

27、rgings with outside diameters of14 in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a flattening test is required. This shall be carried out inaccordance with Specification A 530/A 530M and Table 3. Nobreaks or cracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distancebetween the plates is l

28、ess than that shown in Table 3.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025maxSulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35

29、0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel ChromiumMolybdenum 0.170.27Grade EClasses55, 65, 70Grade FClasses55, 65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.025 0

30、.025 0.025 0.025 0.025maxSulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade L Grade MClasses 85and 100Carbon 0.18 max 0.380.43 0.

31、23 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40Phosphorus, 0.025 max 0.025 0.020maxSulfur, max 0.025 max 0.025 0.020Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00Molybdenum 0.200.60 0.200.30 0.400.60Vanadium 0.08 maxA 372/A 372M 0326.3.2 For bored or ho

32、llow forgings with outside diametersover 14 in. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less atthe manufacturers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1,or a transverse bend test in accordance with Arrangement C ofTest Method E 290 is required. The bend test pin diameter shallbe as specifie

33、d in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the testpiece are allowable when the test piece is bent through therequired angle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsshall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, from test ringsthat have b

34、een heat treated with the forgings they represent, orfrom a representative forging after heat treatment in accor-dance with 4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shellsshall be located at a position corresponding to the mid-walllocation of the parallel side wall of the heat-treate

35、d forging andshall be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.6.4.1.2 A test ring shall be in the shape of a right circularcylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as thecylinders it represents. In addition, the test ring shall be fromthe same heat of steel and be subjec

36、ted to the same heattreatment as the cylinders it represents. The method of quench-ing the test ring must duplicate that of the cylinders; if thecylinders are quenched from the outside only, then the test ringmust have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will beliquid quenched must be at

37、least 24 in. 610 mm. The ends ofsuch test rings may be vented to prevent pressure buildupduring heat treating.6.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similarcomponents may be taken from a full section prolongation ofthe cover, from a representative forging, or from an integralprolongation

38、 when the part is contour-machined prior to heattreatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongations orrepresentative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined prior to heattreatment so that highly stres

39、sed surfaces are exposed, the testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) from thenearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area, but notless than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from asecond surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mmor 2t.6.5 Number of Tests:6.5

40、.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-treatedweight of less than 1000 lb 510 kg when heat treated in asingle batch furnace charge, shall have one tension test taken inaccordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. Inaddition, for hollow or bored forgings, one bend or flatteningtest sh

41、all be taken in accordance with 6.3.6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 1000 lb 450 kgeach when heat treated in a continuous furnace, shall have onetensile test taken to represent each heat and not more than 200forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h duration. Inaddition, bored or hollow for

42、gings shall have one bend orflattening test taken per heat per 200 forgings in any continuousperiod up to 4 h duration in accordance with 6.3.6.5.3 For heat-treated forgings weighing 1000 lb 450 kg ormore, one tension test shall be taken in accordance with 6.4.1or 6.4.2 to represent each heat and no

43、t more than ten forgingsin a heat-treat lot. In addition, hollow or bored forgings shallhave one bend or flattening test, taken in accordance with 6.3,to represent each ten or fewer forgings from the same heat andheat-treatment lot.6.6 Hardness Testing:TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile Stre

44、ngth,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin 2 in.50 mm,min, %Hardness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 515690 45 310 18 156Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 187Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades E,

45、 F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145 8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 155180 10701240 135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 725895 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 82510

46、00 100 690 16 248AWhen required by 6.6.TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsAType Distance Between Plates, min, in. mmGrade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) 0.8 DGr

47、ade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Class 100) 0.8 DAD = outside diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Diameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2t 180Grade B 2t 180Grade C 3t 180Grade D 4t 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4t 1

48、50Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 4t 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) 4t 150Grade J (Class 110) 6t 150Grade K 4t 150Grade L 6t 150Grade M (Class 85) 4t 150Grade M (Class 100) 4t 150A 372/A 372M 0336.6.1 Forgings under 1000 lb 450 kgm in weight, heattreated in a batch lot of up to 200 pieces (6.5.1

49、) or in acontinuous furnace run covering up to 200 pieces in up to fourhours production (6.5.2) shall be subject to a uniformity checkby Brinell hardness testing, or an equivalent method. For thispurpose, 10 % of the furnace production shall be sampled andshall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2 for thetype and shall also be within 20 Brinell points of the hardnessof the forging fr