ASME PTC 19 6-2018 Electrical Power Measurements.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PTC 19.6-2018Electrical Power MeasurementsPerformance Test CodesASME PTC 19.6-2018Electrical PowerMeasurementsPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USAxDate of Issuance: August 6, 2018This Code will be revised when the

2、 Society appr oves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues writt en replies to inquiries concerning interp retations of t echnical aspects of this Code. Int erpretations arepublished on the Committ ee web page and under http:/go.asm e.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of theASME PT

3、C Commit tee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the PTC Committ eePage at htt p:/go.asme.org/PTCcommitt ee as they are issued.Errata to codes and stan dards may be post ed on the ASME website under the Committ ee Pages to provide corrections toincorrectly publis

4、hed item s, or to correct typographical or grammatical err ors in codes and s tandards. Such errata shall be usedon the date post ed.The PTC Committ ee Page can be found at http:/go.asme.org/PTCcommit tee. There is an option available to automaticallyreceive an e-mail notification when errata are po

5、st ed to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on theappr opriate Committ ee Page aft er selecting “Errata ” in the “Publication Information ” section.ASME is the regis tered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under proc ed

6、ures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The StandardsCommit tee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fro m competent and concerned int erests have had anopportunity to participate. The pr oposed code or standard was made availabl

7、e for public review and comment that provides an opportunityfor additional public input fro m industry , academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at -large.ASME does not “appr ove, ” “rate, ” or “endorse ” any it em, construction, proprietary device, or activity .ASME does not take any position

8、 with respect to the validity of any patent rights assert ed in connection with any items mentioned in thisdocument, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable lett ers patent, norassume any such liability . Users of a code or st

9、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and therisk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility .Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpret ed as government

10、 or industryendor sement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME proceduresand policies, which precludes the issuance of int erpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reprodu

11、ced in any form,in an electronic retrieval sys t em or otherwise,without the prior writ ten permission of the publisher .Copyright 2018 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiCommittee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiCorrespondence With the PTC Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiSection 1 Object and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3 Test Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . 11-4 Other Requirements and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Section 3 Power System Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-2 Single-Phase Two- Wire Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-3

19、 Three-Phase Three- Wire Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-4 Three-Phase, Four- Wire Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-5 Calculation of Primary Active and Reactive Power . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-6 Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113-7 Exciter Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . 123-8 Auxiliary Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153-9 Electric Motor Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Section 4 Power Meters . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184-1 Types of Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184-2 Categories of Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184-3 Wattmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194-4 Watt-Hour Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . 194-5 Varmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-6 Var-Hour Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-7 Power Factor Meters . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-8 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Section 5 Instrument Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235-1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235-2 Voltage Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . 235-3 Current Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245-4 Instrument Transformer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245-5 Calibration Requirements .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24iii5-6 Correction of VT Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275-7 Voltage Drop Corrections for VT Secondary Circuits . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295-8 Correction of Iron-Core CT Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295-9 Calculation of Phase-Angle Correction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305-10 Precautions i

30、n the Use of Instrument Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305-11 Utilization of Station Instrument Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Section 6 Net Power Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316-2 Direct Measurement of Net Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

32、16-3 Calculation of Net Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316-4 Net Plant Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346-5 Power Relationships Between Primary and S

33、econdary Windings of Main Power Transformer 34Section 7 Test Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367-1 Uncertainty Calculation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、367-2 Power Uncertainty Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377-3 Uncertainty Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Nonmandatory AppendicesA Sample Calculation of Cl

35、ass A Gross Generator Output Derived From Three-Phase SecondaryMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B Sample Correction of Gross Generator Output to Rated Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48C Determin

36、ing VT Ratio Correction Factor and Phase-A ngle Error Using the Farber Method . 52D Estimating Uncertainties of Instrument Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figures3-2-1 Single Phase Two- Wire Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . 73-3-1 Three-Phase, Three- Wire Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93-4-1 Three-Phase, Four- Wire Wye Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10A-1-1 Example Electrical Single-Line Schematic

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42A-3.4-1 Sample CT Ratio Correction Factor Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45A-3.4-2 Sample CT Phase-Angle Error Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . 46B-2-1 Sample Generator Electrical Loss Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49B-4-1 Density of Hydrogen/Air Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50C-2-1 Farber Plot . . . . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52D-3-1 Typical Current Transformer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Tables1-3-1 Class Requirements for Active Power Measurement Uncertainty . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2.1-1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-2.1-2 Subscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . 67-2.3-1 Typical Gross Power Uncertainties for Test Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397-2.4-1 Gross Power Correction Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39A-2-1 Sample Wattmeter Data . . . . . . . . .

43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41A-3.1-1 Example VT Burden Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43A-3.1-2 Example VT Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ivA-3.2-1 VT and CT Ratio and Phase-A ngle Correction Factor Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44A-3.7-1 Sample VT Wiring Voltage Drop Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46A-6-1 Conversion of Secondary Side R

45、eadings to Primary Side Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47B-1-1 Sample Generator Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49D-2-1 Uncertainties Associated With Quality of Burden Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、 . . . . . . 54D-2-2 VT Uncertainty Summary in RCF Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55D-3-1 CT Uncertainty Summary in RCF Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56vNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere

47、 to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, General Instructions. The following infor-mation is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of this Code. It isexpected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them p

48、rior to applying thisCode.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent withthe best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees repre-senting all concerned interests and speci

49、fy procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculationmethods, and uncertainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield thebest available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specifymeans to compare those results with contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commer-cial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparin